Pediatric Oral Health Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a topic covered under oropharyngeal disorders?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (correct)

Dental caries

Epiglottitis

Angioedema

What is the link between the health status of the oral cavity and other systemic illnesses?

It is linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other systemic illnesses (correct)

It is linked only to cardiovascular disease

It is linked only to diabetes

There is no link

Which of the following is not mentioned as an oropharyngeal disorder?

Pneumonia (correct)

Pharyngitis

Gingivitis

Laryngitis

What is a common clinical presentation of pyogenes epiglottitis in young children?

Abrupt onset and rapid progression of respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

How is epiglottitis diagnosed using imaging?

Lateral neck x-ray showing swollen epiglottis (thumbprint sign) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for epiglottitis?

Airway management, supplemental humidified oxygen, and IV antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical exam finding in patients with epiglottitis?

Low pitched stridor Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for completing fiber optic examination in epiglottitis diagnosis?

Under anesthesia and with ENT consultation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of deep neck infections?

Severe neck/throat pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of deep neck infections involving carotid sheath?

Carotid sheath involvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management for deep neck infections with systemic toxicity?

Monitoring in the ICU setting and IV antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vestibule in the oral cavity?

It is the space between the teeth/gingivae and the lips Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of black hairy tongue?

Elongated filiform papillae with black pigmentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of geographic tongue?

Chronic inflammatory condition causing loss of papillae Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for atrophic glossitis?

Addressing the underlying condition Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the oral region?

Food ingestion and beginning of digestion Signup and view all the answers

What are Fordyce granules?

Ectopic sebaceous glands on buccal mucosa and vermillion border Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of leukoedema?

Whitish appearance of oral mucosa that disappears if stretched Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of black tongue?

Hypertrophy and elongation of filiform papillae Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for black tongue?

Brushing the tongue with a soft-bristle toothbrush Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of atrophic glossitis?

Variety of factors including nutritional deficiencies and autoimmune diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of physiological oral pigmentation?

Increased melanin production seen in people of color Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of fissured tongue?

Deep grooves located on the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of periodontal disease?

Gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial species is an important contributor to dental caries?

S. mutans Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of gingivitis/periodontitis according to the text?

Bacterial biofilm (plaque) Signup and view all the answers

What is benzydamine used for in the context of dental and oral disorders?

As an oral rinse for teeth and gum disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the etiology of aphthous ulcers according to the text?

Unknown Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of dental caries according to the text?

Bacteria fermenting dietary sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of oral candidiasis according to the text?

Candida species Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis for dental abscess likely to involve according to the text?

CBC, CMP, blood culture, and imaging Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of ulceration in the oral cavity according to the text?

Aphthous ulcers Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of tooth loss globally according to the text?

Periodontitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of treatment options for oral candidiasis according to the text?

Topical therapy to systemic therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contributor to acid production causing enamel and dentin destruction in dental caries according to the text?

Bacteria fermenting dietary sugar Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is not included in the differential diagnosis for pediatric pharyngitis?

Streptococcus pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable differential diagnosis for pharyngitis characterized by a grey pseudomembrane and low-grade fever?

Diphtheria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for scarlet fever, a complication of bacterial strep throat?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What are the manifestations of streptococcal glomerulonephritis, a potential complication of strep pharyngitis?

Urinary and edema manifestations, hypertension, and abdominal and back pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary approach for the diagnosis and management of scarlet fever?

Clinical diagnosis and treatment similar to strep throat Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary symptoms of laryngeal disorders?

Hoarseness and stridor Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration that typically distinguishes acute laryngitis from chronic laryngitis?

Less than 3 weeks vs. more than 6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of chronic laryngitis?

Gastroesophageal reflux Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of epiglottitis, often affecting the pediatric population?

Haemophilus influenzae type B Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for the treatment of acute laryngitis?

Supportive care and rest Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for managing chronic laryngitis?

Removing the offending agent and treating the underlying cause Signup and view all the answers

What is the urgency of medical attention required for epiglottitis?

Emergency, requires immediate medical intervention Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for aphthous ulcers?

High stress, certain medications, and nutritional deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

What are the systemic diseases associated with aphthous ulcers?

HIV, Behҫet syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease Signup and view all the answers

How do aphthous ulcers present?

Painful, small, red, round/oval spots with a prodromal tingling/burning Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the diagnosis of aphthous ulcers?

Clinical assessment, biopsy, CBC, and assessment of vitamin levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for aphthous ulcers?

Oral hygiene, pain control, and topical corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common infectious cause of pharyngitis/tonsillitis?

Viral Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of viral pharyngitis?

Sore throat, cough, congestion, oral ulcers, and fever Signup and view all the answers

What are the Centor criteria used for?

Differentiating between viral and bacterial pharyngitis Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of viral pharyngitis usually made?

Clinical assessment Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis?

Group A streptococci (GAS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for irritant, allergic, and atopic cheilitis?

Removing causative irritants or allergens from the patient’s environment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pediatric Pharyngitis and Laryngeal Disorders Overview

Differential diagnosis for pediatric pharyngitis includes respiratory viruses, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydia trachomatis.
Notable differential diagnoses for pharyngitis include HIV, mononucleosis (EBV), and diphtheria, the latter characterized by a grey pseudomembrane and low-grade fever.
Management of pharyngitis/tonsillitis involves viral symptomatic treatment, antibiotics for Group A Streptococcus (GAS), and patient education on antibiotic usage and return to school/work.
Scarlet fever, a complication of bacterial strep throat, is characterized by a strep throat with a rash. It is highly contagious and may be treated symptomatically with emollients.
Streptococcal glomerulonephritis, a potential complication of strep pharyngitis, presents with urinary and edema manifestations, hypertension, and abdominal and back pain.
Diagnosis and management of scarlet fever are clinical, with a need to identify the source of infection and treatment similar to strep throat.
Other post-strep complications include streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, post-streptococcal reactive arthritis, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with group A strep (PANDAS), and various other infections.
Laryngeal disorders are characterized by symptoms such as hoarseness and stridor, with laryngitis being inflammation of the larynx.
Acute laryngitis typically lasts less than three weeks and can be caused by acute URI, vocal strain, or irritants, while chronic laryngitis lasts over three weeks and may be due to various factors, including reflux and vocal cord lesions.
Clinical presentation and physical examination of laryngitis involve assessing hoarseness and examining the ears, upper airway, oral cavity, cranial nerve function, and respiration.
Treatment for acute laryngitis involves supportive care and rest, while chronic laryngitis requires removing the offending agent and treating the underlying cause.
Epiglottitis, primarily affecting the pediatric population, is inflammation of the supraglottic area and is often caused by H. influenzae type B or S. Pneumoniae. It can be life-threatening and requires urgent medical attention.

Oral Ulcers and Inflammatory Conditions: Risk Factors and Clinical Presentation

Risk factors for aphthous ulcers include parental history, female non-smokers, high stress, elevated socioeconomic status, neutropenia, oral trauma, certain medications, food and chemical sensitivities, and nutritional deficiencies.
Systemic diseases associated with aphthous ulcers are HIV, Behҫet syndrome, celiac disease, systemic lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, and neutropenia.
Aphthous ulcers present as painful, small, red, round/oval spots with a prodromal tingling/burning, which can occur 1-2 days before the ulcer. The lesion turns gray and usually resolves in 7-10 days.
Diagnosis of aphthous ulcers involves clinical assessment, biopsy, CBC, E sed rate, C-reactive protein, and assessment of vitamin B12, folate, iron, and vitamin D levels.
Treatment for aphthous ulcers includes oral hygiene, pain control, and control of secondary infection using topical corticosteroids, oral steroids, and other medications.
"Nonna’s cure" for aphthous ulcers involves wetting a finger, dipping it in salt, and placing it directly over the ulcer to alleviate pain and promote resolution.
Cheilitis, an inflammation of the lips, can be eczematous, irritant contact, allergic contact, atopic, actinic, or angular.
Treatment of irritant, allergic, and atopic cheilitis involves removing causative irritants or allergens from the patient’s environment.
The most common infectious cause of pharyngitis/tonsillitis is viral, with viral pharyngitis presenting as sore throat, cough, congestion, oral ulcers, and fever.
Group A streptococci (GAS) is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis, with symptoms including sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, and tonsillar exudates.
Differentiating between viral and bacterial pharyngitis involves considering clinical history, examination findings, and the Centor criteria, which include fever, absence of cough, tender anterior cervical lymph nodes, and tonsillar swelling or exudates.
Making the diagnosis of viral pharyngitis is usually based on clinical assessment, while bacterial pharyngitis can be confirmed through throat culture or rapid antigen detection testing.

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Description

Test your knowledge of pediatric pharyngitis, laryngeal disorders, and oral ulcers with this informative quiz. Explore the differential diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management of these common pediatric conditions. Gain insights into risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options for various inflammatory conditions affecting the oral cavity.