Pediatric Nursing: Drug Administration and Toxicity Management

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Questions and Answers

How should pain relief be managed at the injection sites during chelating therapy?

Use warm soaks at the injection sites (correct)

Avoid any pain relief measures

Administer oral pain medication

Apply an ice pack to the injection sites

What is a predisposing factor for child abuse according to the text?

Being a loner with no social affiliation (correct)

Having a strong knowledge of child growth and development

Experiencing a trouble-free pregnancy

Having a supportive network of friends

What is a sign of physical abuse in children as mentioned in the text?

Engagement in regular physical activities

Retarded physical growth and development (correct)

Maintained personal hygiene

Good nutritional habits

Which diagnostic test/procedure is suggested for child abuse according to the text?

Careful history-taking and physical examination Signup and view all the answers

What is an environmental factor that can contribute to child abuse?

Chronic social and emotional stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?

Acetylcysteine Signup and view all the answers

How many times a day should BAL and CaEDTA be injected simultaneously during chelating therapy according to the text?

6 times a day Signup and view all the answers

Why should acetylcysteine be administered via carbonated drinks in acetaminophen poisoning?

To enhance absorption of acetylcysteine Signup and view all the answers

What immediate sign indicates caustic poisoning from ingestion of a strong alkali like LYE?

Immediate pain in mouth and throat Signup and view all the answers

Why should one not induce vomiting in a child suspected of caustic poisoning?

To prevent further burning of the esophagus Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by vomiting of blood, mucus, and necrotic tissue in caustic poisoning?

Denudation of the esophageal surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a chest radiograph in cases of poisoning?

To determine pulmonary involvement from aspirated poisons Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential sign of sexual abuse in a child?

Drawing sexually explicit pictures suddenly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a sign of potential sexual abuse in children?

Lack of appetite Signup and view all the answers

In child abuse cases, what could indicate parents trying to avoid questions or being inconsistent?

Inconsistency in parental responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal in the treatment of Cerebral Palsy with regards to contractures?

Prevention of contractures Signup and view all the answers

Which neuromuscular disorder is characterized by lack of control of voluntary muscles and abnormal muscle tone?

Cerebral Palsy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign that an infant may have been subjected to prenatal or intranatal factors leading to Cerebral Palsy?

Difficulty feeding Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lead Poisoning Treatment

Increase iron and calcium in the diet to reduce toxic effects
Avoid lead-painted toys for infants and young children
Administer BAL and CaEDTA as recommended; inject simultaneously at separate IM sites
Provide pain relief at injection sites using warm soaks and site rotation
Maintain hydration and monitor VS, I&O, and signs of ICP

Child Abuse

Physical abuse signs: burns, bruises, scars, fractures, dislocations, poor hygiene, malnutrition, and retarded physical growth
Sexual abuse signs: isolation, inability to concentrate, fear of someone, and sexually explicit drawings
Nursing care: identify families at risk, report abuse to authorities, perform accurate physical assessments, and provide consistent care
Protect the child from further abuse by providing emotional support, arranging social services, and educating parents

Cerebral Palsy

Neuromuscular disorder characterized by lack of muscle control, spastic and involuntary movements, and abnormal muscle tone
Etiology: anoxia to the brain, infection, and prenatal and postnatal factors
Signs and symptoms: abnormal posturing, difficult feeding, tremors, seizures, and delayed motor development
Treatment: exercises, medications, braces, and ambulation devices
Nursing care: promote adequate nutrition, modify feeding techniques, and promote maximum mobility and self-help skills

Poisoning

Acetaminophen poisoning: causes liver destruction, nausea, vomiting, and elevated liver enzymes
Treatment: acetylcysteine as an antidote, which prevents hepatotoxicity
Caustic poisoning: ingestion of strong alkali causes burns and tissue necrosis in the mouth, esophagus, and stomach
Assessment: immediate pain, drooling, oral edema, and inability to swallow
Therapeutic management: assess VS closely, provide conscious sedation, and perform esophagoscopy to examine the esophagus

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Description

Learn about administering drugs like BAL and CaEDTA to children, managing toxicity effects, increasing iron and calcium in the diet, and providing care for parents and children during drug administration. Topics include pain relief techniques, hydration maintenance, and observing caution in toy selection.