Peds 2 quiz part 1

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Questions and Answers

What are the three stages of separation anxiety in children?

Protest, Despair, Detachment (correct)

Protest, Anger, Acceptance

Protest, Regret, Recovery

Fear, Despair, Acceptance

What is the purpose of transitional objects for children?

To provide comfort and security (correct)

To distract from pain

To promote independence

To aid in physical development

How should pain assessment be conducted in pediatric patients?

Based solely on visual cues

Using age-appropriate tools (correct)

Generalizing from adult pain scales

Using verbal reports only

What can contribute to a child's reaction to hospitalization?

Home life and previous hospitalizations Signup and view all the answers

Why is cultural sensitivity important in pediatric healthcare?

It enhances understanding of family dynamics and beliefs about health. Signup and view all the answers

How can regression in a hospitalized child be effectively managed?

With patience and support Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when preparing a child for treatments and procedures?

Tailoring preparation to the child's developmental level Signup and view all the answers

What might siblings of hospitalized children experience?

Emotional distress Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of medical asepsis in healthcare settings?

To prevent the spread of infections. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies?

Active immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement of airborne precautions in healthcare settings?

Wearing N-95 masks. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a scenario requiring hand hygiene?

Before entering a patient's room. Signup and view all the answers

What minimum scrub time is recommended for effective hand hygiene?

15 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What should caregivers with skin lesions on exposed areas do?

Refrain from direct patient care until healed. Signup and view all the answers

What is one key topic to educate families about regarding infection prevention?

Proper food storage techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of passive immunity?

Immediate but temporary protection. Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a vaccine drawn from a vial is not used?

Discard it to prevent infection risks. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for vaccine storage and handling?

Store vaccines in the center of the refrigerator. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of contact precautions in the case of hepatitis A?

To prevent transmission of infectious microorganisms. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT contribute to indirect transmission of infections?

Kissing an infected individual. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key recommendation from immunization programs worldwide?

Universal access to vaccines. Signup and view all the answers

Why are artificial fingernails prohibited in patient care areas?

To reduce the risk of harboring pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period for Hepatitis A?

15-45 days Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing care practice is emphasized for a patient diagnosed with mumps?

Implementation of droplet precautions Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the infection related to Lyme Disease?

Symptoms often manifest with a characteristic bulls-eye rash. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of both Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bioterrorism, why are children particularly vulnerable?

Immature immune systems and larger body surface area Signup and view all the answers

Which preventive measure is recommended for Hepatitis B?

Avoiding contact with blood Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical indication for monitoring in a patient with poliovirus infection?

Respiratory rate drop (bradypnea) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern when STIs occur in prepubertal children?

Potential sexual abuse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended practice for managing a child with a rash suspected to be contagious?

Monitor for rash progression Signup and view all the answers

What is an important aspect of nursing care for children with STIs?

Providing emotional support and education Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases children's risk during decontamination procedures after exposure to biological agents?

Thinner skin and larger body surface area Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nurses in responding to disasters, especially involving children?

Ensure coordinated care and maintain communication Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine is important for preventing Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection?

HPV vaccination series Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates a potential complication in a child with HIV?

Opportunistic infections Signup and view all the answers

Why should children be monitored for at least 20 minutes after vaccination?

To observe for any immediate allergic reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of thimerosal in vaccines?

To prevent contamination in multidose containers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding thimerosal in vaccines?

Thimerosal is harmful at any concentration. Signup and view all the answers

When administering inactivated and live virus vaccines, what is the recommended interval?

2-4 weeks apart. Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period for chickenpox (varicella)?

2-3 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key nursing consideration for managing measles?

Vitamin A supplementation to reduce morbidity. Signup and view all the answers

What precaution is necessary for patients with airborne infections?

Isolate in a negative pressure room. Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious disease is characterized by a severe cough followed by a distinctive 'whoop' sound during inhalation?

Whooping cough (pertussis). Signup and view all the answers

What clinical manifestation is associated with roseola (sixth disease)?

High fever followed by a maculopapular rash. Signup and view all the answers

What is the contagious period for polio?

Throat secretions contagious for 1 week; feces for 4 weeks. Signup and view all the answers

What nursing care is essential for a child diagnosed with mumps?

Encourage fluid intake and ice application. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of immunotherapy for noncommunicable diseases?

To provide treatment options for conditions like multiple sclerosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable attribute of recombinant DNA technology in vaccine development?

It is being explored for vaccines against specific diseases like malaria. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing role in the management of communicable diseases?

Educating families on hygiene and prevention strategies. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to gather a detailed developmental history in pediatric nursing care?

To inform care planning tailored to individual needs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential for ensuring safety in a pediatric hospital setting?

Keeping medications out of reach from children. Signup and view all the answers

What role do parents play in a child's health care experience?

Parents contribute through informed consent and active participation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of developmental stages in the context of pediatric nursing care?

Children's physiological and psychological responses differ based on these stages. Signup and view all the answers

During admission, which is a critical procedure for identifying pediatric patients?

Applying ID bracelets on the child. Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do when collecting a specimen from a child?

Explain the procedure in age-appropriate terms. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to begin discharge planning at admission?

To ensure a smooth transition home with clear instructions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial consideration when administering medication to pediatric patients?

Age is the most critical variable affecting drug response. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key measure to prevent cross-infection in a hospital setting?

Distributing toys for shared use among patients. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of oxygen therapy is essential to monitor in pediatric patients?

Prolonged exposure to high oxygen concentrations can be harmful. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a communicable disease?

It can spread between individuals, highlighting the need for awareness in healthcare. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT significantly influence a child's susceptibility to infections?

Parental education level Signup and view all the answers

What procedure is essential for maintaining airway patency in a child with a tracheostomy?

Meticulous care and regular suctioning are necessary. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using age-appropriate explanations during pediatric assessments?

To minimize anxiety and improve cooperation from the child. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pediatric Nursing Care

Separation Anxiety: A significant concern for infants and toddlers, manifesting as protest, despair, and detachment.
Transitional Objects: Familiar items (toys, blankets) offer comfort and security.
Regression: Hospitalization can temporarily halt development, with children reverting to earlier behaviors. Patience and support are crucial.
Healthcare Settings: Outpatient clinics, home healthcare, and hospital units. Pediatric units prioritize child-friendliness (playrooms, flexible routines).
Preparing for Treatments/Procedures: Preparation's tailored to the child's age and involves parents. Honest explanations and emotional outlets are vital.
Reactions to Hospitalization: Reactions vary based on age, preparation, home life, previous experiences, and support systems.
Pain Management: Essential; use age-appropriate tools (FACES, FLACC, Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale). Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods should be employed.
Medication Administration: Dosages calculated precisely based on weight and developmental stage. Education for parents is paramount.
Fear/Anxiety: Respect modesty, privacy, and address anxieties and fears from intrusive procedures.
Cultural/Family Responses: Cultural sensitivity, understanding family dynamics and beliefs about health/illness, crucial for effective care. Cultural differences regarding personal space, smiling, eye contact, and touch should be acknowledged and addressed.
Parental Reactions: Parents experience high stress; feeling guilt, helplessness, and anxiety. Provide support, clear communication, and involvement in the child's care.
Sibling Support: Hospitalized children's siblings often experience emotional distress. Acknowledge their feelings and provide opportunities for involvement.
Nurse's Role: Positive first impression is essential during admission. Detailed developmental history informs care planning. Nursing care plans individualized, including play and family involvement. Clinical pathways promote coordinated care. Understanding the impact of developmental stages on hospitalization experiences is critical. Discharge planning starts at admission. Education and support for a smooth transition home. Home healthcare service support is part of the role.
Safety: Accidents are a significant risk for children; safety precautions must be implemented (crib safety, medication security, infection control).
Developmentally Appropriate Care: Adjust care, assessments, procedures, and medication dosages to the child's developmental stage.
Family-Centered Care: Informed consent, education, and active participation of parents are crucial.

Key Terms in Pediatric Nursing

Communicable Disease: Transmissible between individuals.
Fomite: Inanimate objects that transmit infections.
Vector: Organisms (e.g., insects) that transmit diseases.
Pandemic: Widespread disease outbreak across regions.
Epidemic: Sudden increase in disease cases.
Endemic: Constant disease presence in a region.
Host Resistance Factors: Influence susceptibility to infection (age, sex, genetics, nutrition, emotional wellbeing).
Natural Immunity: Innate defenses.
Acquired Immunity: Developed through exposure or vaccination.
Active Immunity: Body produces antibodies.
Passive Immunity: Antibodies from another source.
Direct Transmission: Immediate contact with an infected person.
Indirect Transmission: Contaminated object/surface.

Infection Control

Medical Asepsis: Prevents infection spread.
Standard Precautions: Hand hygiene, PPE.
Transmission-Based Precautions:
- Airborne: Private rooms, N-95 masks for tuberculosis.
- Contact: Gloves, gowns for direct/indirect contact.
- Droplet: Masks, gowns for respiratory droplets.
Protective Environment Isolation: For patients with impaired immunity.
Hand Hygiene: Crucial for preventing infection transmission. Minimum 15-second scrub. Avoid artificial nails, treat skin lesions.
Family Education: Crucial for infection prevention (vaccinations, food safety, hygiene).

Immunization

Worldwide Immunization Programs: Healthy People 2030 goals and WHO/AAP recommendations. Vaccines maintain immunities.
Nurse's Role: Vigilance for signs of communicable disease, education regarding vaccine importance. Parent consent is crucial; provide Vaccine Information Statements.
Immunization Agents: Active (vaccines elicit antibody production) and passive (immune globulins immediate, short-term protection).
Vaccination Administration/Storage: Proper schedules, storage (refrigerator center, no re-freezing after thawing). Avoid damage to inactivated vaccines, especially by freezing and damage to live vaccines.
Vaccine Handling/Protocols: Original packaging, discard unused vaccine doses, check for allergies/assessments and epinephrine availability. Observation post-vaccination.
Thimerosal and Safety: FDA confirmed no harm; single-dose and thimerosal-free options available on request.Address parental concerns.
Immunization Schedules/Catch Up: Familiarity with schedules, catch-up guidelines for children starting vaccination late. Combination vaccines, separate vaccine administration schedules for effectiveness and precaution.

Common Childhood Communicable Diseases

Specific Diseases and Management: Details like Chickenpox (Varicella), Smallpox, German Measles (Rubella), their incubation periods, contagious periods, symptoms, and nursing care.
- Measles: Vitamin A for reduced morbidity, gamma globulin in exposure cases.
- Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Vaccination (DTaP), antibiotics, rest.
- Polio: Vaccination (IPV), respiratory support, physiotherapy.
- Infectious Mononucleosis: Rest, no contact sports.
- Hepatitis A/B: Vaccinations, hygiene, avoidance of blood contact.
- Lyme Disease: Prevention (protective clothing), antibiotics.

Pediatric Nursing Procedures

Gavage Feeding: Nutrition when oral intake is not possible.
Gastrostomy Tubes: Long term nutritional support.
Enemas: Isotonic solutions to prevent fluid shifts.
Tracheostomy: Maintenance of airway patency, infection prevention.
Oxygen Therapy: Method selection based on age and condition, safety precautions.
Airway Obstruction Management: Appropriate technique based on age.
Pre/Post-Operative Care: Preparation and attention to the child's developmental needs are vital.

Pediatric Nursing in Bioterrorism & Disaster

Nurse's Role: Crisis preparedness, communication, coordination of care.
Children's Vulnerabilities: Immature immune systems/physiology (e.g., larger body surface area, thinner skin) heighten their risk from biological agents.
Emergency Preparedness: Families maintain essential supplies/emergency plan.
Bioterrorism Specifics: Nurses must be knowledgeable about bioterrorism-related symptoms in children.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

STI Transmission/Impact: Prenatal transmission is possible, high risk for sexual abuse in prepubertal children.
Nursing Care/Education: Emotional support, STI education and safe practices for adolescents. HPV vaccination.
Treatment: Symptom management, potential recurring infections.
Specific STI Details: HPV management (cryotherapy, electrocautery).

HIV/AIDS

Transmission/Prevention: Transmission via contact with blood, sexual routes, or mother-to-child during birth; education for safe sex, counseling for pregnant women
Nursing Care: Infection prevention, antiretroviral therapy, nutritional support, emotional support, community resources. Specific virologic testing may be necessary.

Appendices/Additional Notes

Data Collection: Assessments in a warm/non-stimulating environment, minimizing initial touch. Apical pulses for children under 5. Accurate weight measurement is necessary for medication calculations.
Specimens: Age-appropriate explanations/comfort measures during specimen collection.
Medication administration: Age is the most important determinant in determining response to therapy.
Important considerations in medication administration: Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are different in children than in adults.
Procedures: Detailed information of different pediatric procedures like Gavage feeding, Gastrostomy tubes, Enemas, Tracheostomy, and Oxygen therapy.
Pain Assessment: Use of pain scales tailored to different age groups.

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Description

Test your knowledge on pediatric nursing care, focusing on key concepts such as separation anxiety, transitional objects, and effective pain management for children. This quiz covers critical aspects of supporting young patients in various healthcare settings, including preparation for treatments and understanding their reactions to hospitalization.