Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these conditions is known for causing generalized tremulousness?
Which of these conditions is known for causing generalized tremulousness?
What is the false statement regarding neuroinfections?
What is the false statement regarding neuroinfections?
In which condition would you expect the EEG findings to show 3 Hz SWD on eye closure?
In which condition would you expect the EEG findings to show 3 Hz SWD on eye closure?
Which of the following AEDs does not act on calcium channels?
Which of the following AEDs does not act on calcium channels?
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Which of the following mutations is associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy in Lafora body disease?
Which of the following mutations is associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy in Lafora body disease?
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What abnormal sleep-related characteristic is least likely to be associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and ADHD?
What abnormal sleep-related characteristic is least likely to be associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and ADHD?
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Which feature is not typical for narcolepsy type 1 criteria?
Which feature is not typical for narcolepsy type 1 criteria?
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In a 3-year-old child with encephalopathy following a viral infection, what is the likely condition associated with caudate putamen involvement?
In a 3-year-old child with encephalopathy following a viral infection, what is the likely condition associated with caudate putamen involvement?
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What is a true statement regarding cardiac rhabdomyomas in male patients with tuberous sclerosis?
What is a true statement regarding cardiac rhabdomyomas in male patients with tuberous sclerosis?
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In the context of congenital myasthenia, which factor is NOT diagnostic?
In the context of congenital myasthenia, which factor is NOT diagnostic?
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In the case of a 3-year-old male with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy, which diagnosis is likely?
In the case of a 3-year-old male with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy, which diagnosis is likely?
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What condition is Indomethacin NOT typically used for?
What condition is Indomethacin NOT typically used for?
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Which diagnosis is indicated by a urine osmolarity response to vasopressin that is less than expected?
Which diagnosis is indicated by a urine osmolarity response to vasopressin that is less than expected?
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In the case of incidental Hepatitis B detected pretonsillectomy, which is the best next step?
In the case of incidental Hepatitis B detected pretonsillectomy, which is the best next step?
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What is the likely next step for a patient with positive AFB and gene xpert, and isolated left axillary lymphadenopathy?
What is the likely next step for a patient with positive AFB and gene xpert, and isolated left axillary lymphadenopathy?
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Which of the following adverse effects is NOT related to vaccines?
Which of the following adverse effects is NOT related to vaccines?
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Which statement regarding Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is false?
Which statement regarding Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is false?
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In the case of a boy with quadriparesis and altered sensorium, which statement is false?
In the case of a boy with quadriparesis and altered sensorium, which statement is false?
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The loss of cup of optic disc is associated with which condition?
The loss of cup of optic disc is associated with which condition?
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Which condition would NOT typically cause a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?
Which condition would NOT typically cause a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)?
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Below imaging reveals an issue in the MCA territory. Which cause is incorrect?
Below imaging reveals an issue in the MCA territory. Which cause is incorrect?
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In a case of a girl with stroke-related left hemiparesis, which explanation is misleading?
In a case of a girl with stroke-related left hemiparesis, which explanation is misleading?
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Visual hallucination is a side effect of which medication?
Visual hallucination is a side effect of which medication?
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For dialysis in DSS with oliguria on day 4, which indication is incorrect?
For dialysis in DSS with oliguria on day 4, which indication is incorrect?
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Which condition is characterized by a mutation in the KCNJ11 or ABCC8 genes related to permanent neonatal diabetes?
Which condition is characterized by a mutation in the KCNJ11 or ABCC8 genes related to permanent neonatal diabetes?
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What would be the best treatment for a 3-year-old with recurrent wheezing more than three times in the past 3 months?
What would be the best treatment for a 3-year-old with recurrent wheezing more than three times in the past 3 months?
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Which of the following reflexes does not typically disappear with age?
Which of the following reflexes does not typically disappear with age?
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Which of these conditions is NOT associated with euvolemic hyponatremia?
Which of these conditions is NOT associated with euvolemic hyponatremia?
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At what time after initiating neonatal resuscitation should 100% FIO2 be increased?
At what time after initiating neonatal resuscitation should 100% FIO2 be increased?
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Which condition is characterized by a mitochondrial inheritance pattern?
Which condition is characterized by a mitochondrial inheritance pattern?
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Which of the following is a known common cause of opticochiasmatic arachnoiditis?
Which of the following is a known common cause of opticochiasmatic arachnoiditis?
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What condition is described by violent flinging movements of limbs, indicating a lesion in which part of the brain?
What condition is described by violent flinging movements of limbs, indicating a lesion in which part of the brain?
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Study Notes
Spasmus Nutans
- Not seen in INI SS Pediatric Neurology July 2023 session recall
- Triad includes nystagmus, head nodding, and torticollis
Rabies Localization
- Localizes in the brainstem
CMS Worsened with Pyridoxine
- Suggests DOK7 mutation
NCC vs TB
- NCC is more common than TB for infratenrorial location is false
Benign Infantile Convulsion
- Likely mutation for SCN1B
- No family history, resolution by 3 years, and normal MRI
Tassinari Syndrome
- Characteristic EEG findings include 3Hz SWD on eye closure and 4-6Hz SWD on hyperventilation
9yr old Absence Seizures with Limb Jerks
- Normal background EEG is possible
- 3Hz spike and wave discharges on hyperventilation is possible
- 3Hz spike and wave discharges on photic stimulation is possible
AEDs Acting on Calcium Channels
- Levera acts on calcium channels
- Carbamazepine, gabapentin do not act on calcium channels
Prolonged TPN
- Abnormal gait and Parkinsonian-like features can indicate manganese toxicity
14yr Girl with Dysarthria and Dystonia
- T2 MRI showing caudate and putamen hyperintensity suggests Wilson’s disease
Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy with PAS Positive Inclusions
- Lafora body disease mutation is in EPM2B
Altered Sensorium, Akinetic Mutism
- H/o fever, cough, and coryza suggests ANEC
3yr Old with Encephalopathy and Family History
- Encephalitis lethargica with RANBP2 mutation can cause family history
Newer AEDs Excreted by Kidney
- Zonisamide, lamotrigine, gabapentin, pregabalin, vigabatrin, and topiramate are excreted by the kidney
Excess Daytime Sleepiness
- REM latency of 140 min is abnormal
- AHI of 4 is abnormal
- Sleep efficiency of 80% is abnormal
- Periodic leg movement index of 11 is abnormal
Narcolepsy
- CSF hypocretin of 140 pg/ml is abnormal
- Cataplexy is a diagnostic criteria
- SOREMP>2 is a diagnostic criteria
- MSLT 97th centile and BP > 90th centile is a diagnostic criteria
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- AAAS gene mutation with ALADIN protein is true
- Addisonian crisis is possible
- VLCFA is a hallmark
Sural Sparing Pattern
- Sural sparing pattern is typical in diabetic neuropathy
Boy with Quadriparesis and MRI Findings
- Does not fulfil criteria for DT
- TOC is IV methylprednisolone followed by oral steroids
- Decision on subsequent immunomodulation is based on further imaging after 4-6 weeks
- Diagnosis is NOT ADEM
Cup of Optic Disc
- Cup of the optic disc is lost in primary and secondary optic atrophy
RAPD
- RAPD is due to impaired signaling to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus
MRI Image
- The provided MRI image is in MCA territory
Girl with Stroke
- Stroke causing left hemiparesis with more weakness of the left arm and face, dysgraphia, and impaired 2-point discrimination suggests right ACA (has more LL involvement)
Visual Hallucination
- Visual hallucination is a side effect of voriconazole
DSS with Oliguria
- Evidence-based indication to start RRT is pH < 7.25
Regulator of Alternate Complement Pathway
- Factor H is the most important regulator of the alternative complement pathway
Thomsen vs Becker Myotonia
- Thomsen myotonia has early childhood onset, Becker myotonia does not
9yr Old with Limb-Girdle Weakness
- Sarcoglycanopathy and calpainopathy can cause limb-girdle weakness, toe walking, and scapular winging
Male with Tuberous Sclerosis
- Cardiac rhabdomyomas regress with age
- Leiyomyomatosis is a hallmark of tuberous sclerosis
Congenital Myasthenia
- Decremental response > 10% is diagnostic
- Baseline decrement can be seen in some
- Post-exhaustion weakness and decremental response starts in 5 min
- Post-exercise incremental response is seen in some patients
3yr Male with Fever
- The scenario suggests acute leukemia
- SOJIA is also possible
Indomethacin
- Indomethacin is effective in cluster headache and paroxysmal hemicrania
Demyelinating Diseases
- Tomaculous neuropathy (hypermyelinating) is NOT a demyelinating disease
Polyuria with Polydipsia
- The best treatment is nasal desmopressin
Incidental Hepatitis B
- The best course of action is wait and watch and follow up with LFTs
Isolated Left Axillary LN
- Start ATT treatment for 6 months
Ketogenic Diet
- Ketogenic diet is contraindicated in fatty acid oxidation defects, porphyria, carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency, and phosphofructokinase deficiency
12yr Girl with Abdominal Pain
- Acute intermittent Porphyria is a likely diagnosis
Extravascular Hemolysis
- High LDH, high indirect bilirubin, high reticulocyte count, and hemoglobinuria are seen in extravascular hemolysis
Vaccine Related Adverse Effects
- Pertussis-encephalopathy is a known vaccine-related adverse effect
Publication Bias
- Funnel plot is used to identify publication bias
30 Day Old with High TLC
- Leukocyte adhesion defect is a likely diagnosis
Violent Flinging Movements
- Violent flinging movements of limbs are due to a lesion in the contralateral subthalamic nucleus
Optic Chiasmatic Arachnoiditis
- TB meningitis is the most common cause of opticochiasmatic arachnoiditis
Neurons Relaying in Thalamus
- Olfactory neurons do NOT relay in the thalamus
Mitochondrial Inheritance
- Mitochondrial Pedigree will show maternal transmission
3yr Old with Recurrent Wheeze
- Start inhaled budesonide
Round Pneumonia
- Strep pneumoniae is a common cause of round pneumonia
Permanent Neonatal Diabetes
- ABCC8 mutation is the most common for permanent neonatal diabetes
ABG Kept in Room Air
- Late processing of ABG will show reduced pH, pO2 and increased pCO2
Mitochondrial Inheritance
- Kearns Sayre syndrome is a mitochondrial inherited disease
Brown-Vailant-Von Layre Syndrome
- Brown-Vailant-Von Layre syndrome is a tubulinopathy
HIE Staging
- HIE stage 2 at 12 hrs of life with seizures, hypotonia, lethargy, and mydriasis
Reflexes
- Parachute reflex does not disappear
Developmental Age
- 6-7 months
Ataxia Telangiectasia
- Raised AFP levels are seen in Ataxia Telangiectasia
FGFR23 Independent Hypophosphatemic Rickets
- NAPI 2C defect is an FGFR23 independent hypophosphatemic rickets
Image Identification
- The image is a subdural hematoma
Euvolemic Hyponatremia
- Post-op, cerebral salt wasting syndrome, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency can cause euvolemic hyponatremia
Fluid Choice for DKA Resuscitation
- Half NS with 20meq/l KCL is the correct choice
Neonatal Resuscitation
- Increase to 100% FIO2 after 30s in neonatal resuscitation
Unusually Intense Eye Gaze
- Unusually intense eye gaze is seen in autism
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Description
Test your knowledge on pediatric neurology with this quiz covering various conditions and their characteristics, including spasmus nutans, absence seizures, and more. Dive into key concepts such as mutation implications and EEG findings. Perfect for medical students or professionals looking to refresh their understanding.
