Podcast
Questions and Answers
How should oral medication be administered to an infant?
How should oral medication be administered to an infant?
What is the correct technique for administering IM injections to children?
What is the correct technique for administering IM injections to children?
Why is it important not to use household teaspoons or tablespoons for medication?
Why is it important not to use household teaspoons or tablespoons for medication?
For oral medications, what should be avoided when administering to small children?
For oral medications, what should be avoided when administering to small children?
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What is the purpose of using emla before administering IM injections?
What is the purpose of using emla before administering IM injections?
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When giving IM injections, what should be done regarding the child's extremity?
When giving IM injections, what should be done regarding the child's extremity?
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What is a key consideration when giving medications to children?
What is a key consideration when giving medications to children?
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Why must the nurse double-check medications like Lanoxin, insulin, and heparin?
Why must the nurse double-check medications like Lanoxin, insulin, and heparin?
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What does the text recommend when a child refuses an oral medication?
What does the text recommend when a child refuses an oral medication?
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How should the nurse's approach be when giving medication to a child?
How should the nurse's approach be when giving medication to a child?
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Why should all medications be kept out of the reach of children?
Why should all medications be kept out of the reach of children?
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What should be considered when giving drugs to children according to the guidelines?
What should be considered when giving drugs to children according to the guidelines?
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How should the pinna be pulled in a child older than 3 years when administering Whaley & Wong Ear Drops?
How should the pinna be pulled in a child older than 3 years when administering Whaley & Wong Ear Drops?
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What is the recommended position for a child after instilling Whaley & Wong Nose drops?
What is the recommended position for a child after instilling Whaley & Wong Nose drops?
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What is the primary concern when giving nose drops to a child?
What is the primary concern when giving nose drops to a child?
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What type of medications are usually administered rectally in a child?
What type of medications are usually administered rectally in a child?
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What is the most significant adverse effect of IV medication administration in a child?
What is the most significant adverse effect of IV medication administration in a child?
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What is the institutional policy regarding IV medication administration during a pediatric rotation?
What is the institutional policy regarding IV medication administration during a pediatric rotation?
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What is the purpose of using a buretrol in IV therapy?
What is the purpose of using a buretrol in IV therapy?
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Which of the following is a common complication associated with central venous lines?
Which of the following is a common complication associated with central venous lines?
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What is the purpose of a central venous line?
What is the purpose of a central venous line?
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How can air embolism be managed in IV therapy?
How can air embolism be managed in IV therapy?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of infiltration in IV therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of infiltration in IV therapy?
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What could be a potential consequence of catheter occlusion in central venous lines?
What could be a potential consequence of catheter occlusion in central venous lines?
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What is the minimum effective concentration in the context of drug administration?
What is the minimum effective concentration in the context of drug administration?
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Who typically measures and administers medication in a home setting?
Who typically measures and administers medication in a home setting?
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Which household measure is equivalent to 15 ml?
Which household measure is equivalent to 15 ml?
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How many drops of water does a US Pharmacopeia, official medicinal dropper deliver per millilitre?
How many drops of water does a US Pharmacopeia, official medicinal dropper deliver per millilitre?
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What is the active ingredient in the cough syrup mentioned in the case?
What is the active ingredient in the cough syrup mentioned in the case?
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How many millilitres of cough syrup contain 30 mg of dextromethorphan?
How many millilitres of cough syrup contain 30 mg of dextromethorphan?
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Study Notes
Oral Medication Administration
- Using a household teaspoon or tablespoon to measure medication can result in dosage errors due to their inaccuracy.
- To administer medication to an infant, depress the chin with the thumb, direct the medication towards the inner aspect of the cheek, and release the flow slowly.
- For infants, use a syringe or nipple; do not add medication to formula.
- For small children, mix medication with a small amount of juice or fruit and administer in a syringe or allow them to drink it at their own pace.
- Parents may give medication under the supervision of a nurse.
Intramuscular Medications
- Rarely used in acute settings, except for immunizations, antibiotics, and use of EMLA (local skin anesthetic).
- Inform the child it is okay to make noise or cry during the injection, and their job is to try not to move the extremity.
- Keep the needle out of the child's visual field and secure them before giving the injection.
Pediatric Medication Administration
- Giving medications to children is a serious responsibility, and half of medications on the market do not have documented safe use in children.
- Children are smaller than adults, and medication dosage must be adjusted.
- Children react more violently to medications, and drug reactions are not predictable.
- The impact on growth and development must be considered when giving medications to children.
- Double-checking is always best, especially for medications like Lanoxin, insulin, and heparin.
Pediatric Drug Administration
- Pediatric drug therapy should be guided by the child's age, weight, and level of growth and development.
- The nurse's approach should convey the impression that they expect the child to take the medication.
- Explanations regarding medications should be based on the child's level of understanding.
- The nurse must be honest with the child regarding the procedure.
- It may be necessary to mix distasteful medication or crushed tablets with honey, applesauce, or gelatin.
- Never threaten a child with an injection if they refuse an oral medication.
Ear Drops
- In children under 3 years, pull the pinna down and back to straighten the ear canal.
- In children over 3 years, pull the pinna up and back.
Nose Drops
- Position the child with their head hyperextended to prevent a strangling sensation.
- Nasal drops act as vasoconstrictors, and excessive use may be harmful.
- Discontinue use after 72 hours.
- Congested nose will impair an infant's ability to suck.
- Give nasal drops 20 minutes before feeding.
- Have kleenex available and keep the child's head below the level of their shoulders for 1-2 minutes after instillation.
Rectal Medications
- Usually used for sedatives and antiemetics.
- Use the little finger and insert beyond the anal sphincter.
- Apply pressure to the anus by gently holding the buttocks together until the desire to expel subsides.
Intravenous Medications
- IV route provides direct access into the vascular system.
- Adverse effects of IV medication administration include extravasation of the drug into surrounding tissue and immediate reaction to the drug.
IV Medication Administration
- Check your institution's policy on which drugs must be administered by a physician and which must be verified for accuracy by another nurse.
- Check for compatibilities with IV solution and other IV medications.
- Use a buretrol to control the amount of fluid to be infused and for administering IV antibiotics or medications that need to be diluted.
Central Venous Line
- A large-bore catheter inserted into the superior or inferior vena cava or umbilical line in neonates.
- Used for long-term administration of medications and total parental nutrition.
- Complications include infiltration, catheter occlusion, air embolism, phlebitis, and infection.
Complications
- Infiltration: fluid leaks into subcutaneous tissue, causing fluid to leak around the catheter site, coolness to the touch, and tenderness or pain.
- Catheter occlusion: fluid will not infuse or unable to flush, causing frequent pump alarms.
- Air embolism: IV pump will alarm when there is air in the tubing, causing fluid to slow or stop.
- Phlebitis: often due to chemical irritation, causing tenderness or pain.
Dose Measurement
- Doses are measured and administered by professional and paraprofessional personnel in institutional settings and by adults or parents in home settings.
- Household measures are not accurate, and calibrated droppers or metric measurements should be used instead.
- Case example: calculating the dose of a cough syrup to be safely administered dropwise to a child.
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Description
Test your knowledge on administering medications to children based on Hidayatullah Khan's general guidelines. Learn about adjusting medication dosages for children, impact on growth and development, and handling drug reactions.
