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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of health assessment in pediatric care?
What type of information is gathered during the review of systems or head-to-toe approach?
What is the purpose of asking open-ended questions during the initial assessment?
What is an indicator of malnutrition or vitamin A and D deficit or excess during a nutritional assessment?
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What is included in a child's past history?
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What is the first step in conducting a health assessment of a child?
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What is a method used to assess dietary intake during a nutritional assessment?
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Which of the following is an indicator of dehydration or fluid overload during a nutritional assessment?
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What is an indicator of insufficient or excess intake during a nutritional assessment?
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What is a factor that can impact food choices during a nutritional assessment?
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Study Notes
Pediatric Health Assessment
- Health assessment provides essential information for diagnosing client conditions and planning effective care for the client and family.
Pediatric Stages
- No specific information provided in the text.
Principles of Child Communication
- No specific information provided in the text.
Pediatric Systematic Assessment
- Any assessment involves collecting two kinds of data.
- Child history includes:
- Demographic-biographical information (child's name, age, address/phone number, caregiver's name).
- Current state of health (present history, e.g., fatigue, pain, weight gain or loss, activity tolerance, abilities or disability in communication, mobility, pain, etc.).
- Type of onset (sudden, gradual), duration, and timing.
- Predisposing factors, pain site and radiation, complaints characteristics (amount, consistency), severity, and frequency.
- Investigation done and current state (feeding, urine and stool passing, activity, sleeping).
Review of Systems or Head-to-Toe Approach
- This approach is used to assess the child's systems.
Chief Complaint
- The chief complaint determines why the child was brought in for examination.
- It could be symptoms, signs, or abnormal laboratory test results.
- Start with open questions (e.g., "What's the main problem?", "How is he?").
Past History
- Provides background for the problem and any additional problems the child may have experienced.
- Includes acute or chronic conditions, surgical procedures, immunization, medication, hospitalization, prenatal, perinatal, and antenatal history.
Psychosocial Assessment
- Habits:
- Sleep pattern (difficulty sleeping or excess sleep could indicate depression, drug reaction, or pain or discomfort from disease).
- Eating habits (frequency and type of food intake; can reveal eating disorders, obesity, or malnutrition).
- Substance abuse:
- Drugs, tobacco, or alcohol (current or past); determine frequency and amount or usage.
- Sexual activity:
- Assess even in younger children (as young as age 8 or 9).
Nutritional Assessment
- Assessment involves physical examination, biochemical perspective, and dietary intake.
- Evaluate:
- Nutrition habits and variety of food types.
- Factors impacting food choices, fast-food choices, and economic barriers.
- Adequacy of intake of nutrients from all food groups.
- Consider:
- Economic assessment (financial deficit limiting ability to buy food).
- Overweight (85–95% for body mass index [BMI]) on growth chart percentile.
- Obesity (weight above 95th percentile for BMI); family eating habits play a large part in childhood obesity.
Clinical Examination
- Chart weight, height, and head circumference (for infants) on a growth chart.
- Calculate body mass index (BMI): Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
- Assess for:
- Delay of development of secondary sex characteristics (breasts in girls, pubic hair, testes) indicating malnutrition or vitamin A and D deficit or excess.
- Skin changes (loss of skin turgor, elasticity, or edema, swelling, or puffiness indicating dehydration or fluid overload).
- Delayed wound healing (poor protein intake/malnutrition).
- Flabby skin or stretch marks indicating malnutrition.
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Description
This quiz assesses understanding of pediatric health assessment, including deviation from normal range, assessment steps, pediatric stages, and principles of child communication.
