Podcast
Questions and Answers
Cholecystectomy is indicated for gallstones and ______ pancreatitis.
Cholecystectomy is indicated for gallstones and ______ pancreatitis.
pseudocysts
Infected pancreatic necrosis may lead to the need for a surgical ______.
Infected pancreatic necrosis may lead to the need for a surgical ______.
drainage
GI bleeding accounts for -% of referrals to Pediatric Gastroenterologists.
GI bleeding accounts for -% of referrals to Pediatric Gastroenterologists.
10-20
Hematemesis accounts for ______% of upper gastrointestinal bleeding cases.
Hematemesis accounts for ______% of upper gastrointestinal bleeding cases.
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Acute pancreatitis is defined by meeting 2 of the following 3 elements, one of which is characteristic clinical symptoms, including abdominal pain radiating to back, nausea, and __________.
Acute pancreatitis is defined by meeting 2 of the following 3 elements, one of which is characteristic clinical symptoms, including abdominal pain radiating to back, nausea, and __________.
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The passage of black, tarry stools is known as ______.
The passage of black, tarry stools is known as ______.
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The scoring system for acute pancreatitis in children was adapted from DeBanto et al. in the year ______.
The scoring system for acute pancreatitis in children was adapted from DeBanto et al. in the year ______.
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______% of all gastrointestinal bleeding is hematochezia.
______% of all gastrointestinal bleeding is hematochezia.
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The serum levels of pancreatic amylase and/or lipase must be 3 times the __________ of normal for a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
The serum levels of pancreatic amylase and/or lipase must be 3 times the __________ of normal for a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
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Esophageal varices are common causes of hematemesis in ______.
Esophageal varices are common causes of hematemesis in ______.
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An admission white blood cell count greater than ______ x 10^9L is one of the scoring parameters.
An admission white blood cell count greater than ______ x 10^9L is one of the scoring parameters.
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Radiographic evidence of acute pancreatitis may include pancreatic __________ on ultrasound.
Radiographic evidence of acute pancreatitis may include pancreatic __________ on ultrasound.
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The INSPIRRE criteria are used to establish a diagnosis of __________.
The INSPIRRE criteria are used to establish a diagnosis of __________.
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Drug-induced gastritis is one of the causes of hematemesis in - years old.
Drug-induced gastritis is one of the causes of hematemesis in - years old.
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The goal of medical management for acute pancreatitis includes adequate rehydration, analgesia, and pancreatic ______.
The goal of medical management for acute pancreatitis includes adequate rehydration, analgesia, and pancreatic ______.
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Imaging techniques for diagnosing acute pancreatitis include CT scan, MRI or __________.
Imaging techniques for diagnosing acute pancreatitis include CT scan, MRI or __________.
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The recommended duration for keeping a patient nil by mouth (pancreatic rest) is between ______ and 5 days.
The recommended duration for keeping a patient nil by mouth (pancreatic rest) is between ______ and 5 days.
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In case of hypovolemia and hypotension at admission, rapid hydration should be done with a crystalloid solution, preferably ______ saline solution.
In case of hypovolemia and hypotension at admission, rapid hydration should be done with a crystalloid solution, preferably ______ saline solution.
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Among the elements for diagnosing acute pancreatitis, the presence of __________ pain is a significant clinical symptom.
Among the elements for diagnosing acute pancreatitis, the presence of __________ pain is a significant clinical symptom.
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A proposal or suggestions regarding the protocols can be sent to Prof. Huma Arshad __________.
A proposal or suggestions regarding the protocols can be sent to Prof. Huma Arshad __________.
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IV fluids should be given at ______ times the normal requirement during treatment.
IV fluids should be given at ______ times the normal requirement during treatment.
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The department responsible for the protocols of children's hospital and the institute of child health is __________.
The department responsible for the protocols of children's hospital and the institute of child health is __________.
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One of the interventions during fluid resuscitation involves adding ______ and calcium gluconate to the intravenous fluids.
One of the interventions during fluid resuscitation involves adding ______ and calcium gluconate to the intravenous fluids.
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Normal urine output should be above ______ mL/kg/hour to indicate adequate hydration.
Normal urine output should be above ______ mL/kg/hour to indicate adequate hydration.
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Congenital chloride ______ is one of the conditions related to onset.
Congenital chloride ______ is one of the conditions related to onset.
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Glucose ______ malabsorption results from issues in carbohydrate digestion.
Glucose ______ malabsorption results from issues in carbohydrate digestion.
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Congenital sodium ______ can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Congenital sodium ______ can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
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Microvillus ______ disease affects the absorptive function of the intestine.
Microvillus ______ disease affects the absorptive function of the intestine.
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______ enteropathy is an autoimmune disorder that causes malabsorption.
______ enteropathy is an autoimmune disorder that causes malabsorption.
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Tufting ______ is observed in certain intestinal disorders, indicating mucosal damage.
Tufting ______ is observed in certain intestinal disorders, indicating mucosal damage.
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Enterokinase ______ can lead to serious digestive issues if deficient.
Enterokinase ______ can lead to serious digestive issues if deficient.
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Hirschsprung's ______ causes obstructive symptoms due to the absence of nerve cells.
Hirschsprung's ______ causes obstructive symptoms due to the absence of nerve cells.
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Acetaminophen overdose is one of the causes of acute ______.
Acetaminophen overdose is one of the causes of acute ______.
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Chemotherapeutic drugs such as L-Asparaginase and vincristine are categorized under drugs and ______.
Chemotherapeutic drugs such as L-Asparaginase and vincristine are categorized under drugs and ______.
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Viruses like EBV and Coxsackie B virus are infections that can lead to acute ______.
Viruses like EBV and Coxsackie B virus are infections that can lead to acute ______.
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Biliary duct malformation, such as choledochal cyst, is an example of an ______ cause of acute pancreatitis.
Biliary duct malformation, such as choledochal cyst, is an example of an ______ cause of acute pancreatitis.
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Blunt injuries are categorized as ______ causes of acute pancreatitis.
Blunt injuries are categorized as ______ causes of acute pancreatitis.
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Septic shock and diabetes mellitus are examples of ______ diseases that can cause acute pancreatitis.
Septic shock and diabetes mellitus are examples of ______ diseases that can cause acute pancreatitis.
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The genetic cause of pancreatitis can include mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene, also known as ______.
The genetic cause of pancreatitis can include mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene, also known as ______.
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One of the laboratory tests for acute pancreatitis includes measuring the serum ______ level.
One of the laboratory tests for acute pancreatitis includes measuring the serum ______ level.
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Furosemide and thiazides are examples of drugs that can induce acute ______.
Furosemide and thiazides are examples of drugs that can induce acute ______.
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Hyperlipidemia type I, IV, and V are conditions that can lead to acute ______.
Hyperlipidemia type I, IV, and V are conditions that can lead to acute ______.
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Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder associated with a mutation in the ______ gene.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder associated with a mutation in the ______ gene.
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Cholelithiasis refers to the presence of ______ in the gallbladder, which can cause pancreatitis.
Cholelithiasis refers to the presence of ______ in the gallbladder, which can cause pancreatitis.
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Surgical causes of acute pancreatitis can include complications from a ______.
Surgical causes of acute pancreatitis can include complications from a ______.
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Celiac disease coincides with the introduction of __________ cereals.
Celiac disease coincides with the introduction of __________ cereals.
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Functional diarrhea is characterized by chronic nonspecific diarrhea of __________.
Functional diarrhea is characterized by chronic nonspecific diarrhea of __________.
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Nocturnal diarrhea typically suggests an __________ etiology.
Nocturnal diarrhea typically suggests an __________ etiology.
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Blood in the stool may be caused by dietary protein __________.
Blood in the stool may be caused by dietary protein __________.
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White or light tan colored stool indicates the absence of __________.
White or light tan colored stool indicates the absence of __________.
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Family history of __________ is important for diagnosing congenital absorptive defects.
Family history of __________ is important for diagnosing congenital absorptive defects.
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Excessive juice intake can lead to __________ diarrhea.
Excessive juice intake can lead to __________ diarrhea.
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Brainerd diarrhea is associated with raw __________ consumption.
Brainerd diarrhea is associated with raw __________ consumption.
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Exposure to potentially impure water sources can increase the risk of chronic __________ infections.
Exposure to potentially impure water sources can increase the risk of chronic __________ infections.
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Symptoms of giardiasis may include an acute onset of loose __________.
Symptoms of giardiasis may include an acute onset of loose __________.
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Study Notes
Protocols of the Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Lahore
- This document is evolving, and suggestions are welcome
- Suggestions should be sent to Prof. Huma Arshad Cheema or the Dean Office at [email protected]
Table of Contents
- Acute Pancreatitis: page 4
- Approach to Child with GIT Bleeding: page 8
- Chronic Diarrhea: page 14
- Foreign Body Ingestion: page 19
- Fulminant Hepatic Failure: page 21
- Fever of Unknown Origin: page 25
- Tuberculosis: page 36
- Pneumonia: page 44
- Dysentery: page 48
- Rickets: page 51
- Tetanus: page 54
- Septicemia: page 58
- Osteomyelitis: page 59
- Septic Arthritis: page 63
- Staphylococcal Infections: page 65
- Streptococcal Infection: page 68
- Inborn Error of Metabolism: page 70
- Liver Abscess: page 73
- Celiac/ Gluten Crises or Gliadin Shock: page 75
- Approach to Child with GIT Bleeding: page 8
Acute Pancreatitis
- Acute pancreatitis is defined by meeting 2 of 3 criteria:
- Characteristic abdominal pain radiating to the back, nausea, and vomiting
- Serum amylase and/or lipase 3 times the upper limit of normal
- Radiographic evidence of acute pancreatitis (including pancreatic edema) on ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, or MRCP
- Causes include:
- Drugs & toxins (L-Asparaginase, 6-mercaptopurine, vincristine, acetaminophen overdose, 5-aminosalycylates, mesalamine, valproic acid, isoniazid, azathioprine, cimetidine, corticosteroids, furosemide, thiazides, erythromycin, metronidazole, trimethoprim)
- Viruses (EBV, Coxsackie B virus, HAV, HBV, Influenza A, B, Rubella, Rubeola)
- Biliary duct malformation (choledochal cyst, choledochocele)
- Pancreatic duct malformation (pancreas divisum)
- Cholelithiasis, Choledocholithiasis
- Ampullary disease, Sphincter of oddi dysfunction
Approach to Child with GIT Bleeding
- Hematemesis is the passage of vomited material that is black (coffee ground) or contains frank blood, suggesting bleeding from above the ligaments of Treitz.
- Hematochezia is the passage of bright red or dark red blood per rectum; indicating a colonic source or massive upper GI bleeding.
- Melena is the passage of black, tarry stools; suggesting bleeding proximal to the ileocecal valve.
And many more topics
- The provided text contains detailed information on various other medical topics, including Fulminant Hepatic Failure, Fever of Unknown Origin, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Dysentery, Rickets, Tetanus, Septicemia, Osteomyelitis, and many more. It also includes details on the management and investigation of these conditions.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in Pediatric Gastroenterology, including conditions like acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal bleeding. This quiz covers diagnostic criteria, symptoms, and important statistics relevant to pediatric patients. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical field.
