Pectoral Region Muscles Quiz
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Pectoral Region Muscles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of the pectoralis major muscle?

  • Lateral rotation of the arm
  • Flexion of the arm
  • Medial rotation of the arm (correct)
  • Abduction of the arm

    • From which structure does the clavicular head of the pectoralis major arise?

  • Upper 6 costal cartilages
  • Anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle (correct)
  • Aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle
  • Anterior surface of the sternum

    • Which nerve supplies the pectoralis minor muscle?

  • Thoracodorsal nerve
  • Lateral pectoral nerve
  • Nerve to subclavius
  • Medial pectoral nerve (correct)

    • Which muscle is responsible for depressing the shoulder girdle?

    <p>Pectoralis minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major perform?

    <p>Extends the flexed arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the subclavius muscle insert?

    <p>Lower surface of the middle third of the clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the pectoralis minor muscle?

    <p>Third to fifth ribs near costal cartilages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the subclavius muscle play in shoulder movement?

    <p>Steadies the clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is considered part of the superficial layer of the back muscles?

    <p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is located in the deep layer of the back muscles?

    <p>Rhomboideus major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

    <p>External occipital protuberance and nuchal line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the levator scapulae and the vertebral column?

    <p>It connects the limb to the vertebral column.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are included in the deep layer of muscles connecting the upper limb with the vertebral column?

    <p>Levator scapulae and rhomboideus minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply for the back muscles?

    <p>Anterior primary rami of the spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many muscles constitute the superficial layer of the back muscles?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is primarily associated with the latissimus dorsi muscle?

    <p>Shoulder extension and adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

    <p>From the ligamentum nuchae and the spine of the cervical vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the middle fibers of the trapezius insert?

    <p>Medial border of the acromion and upper lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies motor function to the trapezius muscle?

    <p>Spinal root of the accessory nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the upper fibers of the trapezius perform?

    <p>Elevate the shoulder girdle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may occur due to paralysis of the trapezius muscle?

    <p>Shoulder drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lower fibers of the trapezius muscle?

    <p>Rotate the scapula upwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure surrounds the insertion of the trapezius muscle?

    <p>Deltoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the middle fibers of the trapezius muscle do in conjunction with the rhomboids?

    <p>Retract the scapula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

    <p>Extension of the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi?

    <p>Thoraco-dorsal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the latissimus dorsi insert?

    <p>Bicipital groove of the humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature is medial to the lower part of the scapula?

    <p>Triangle of auscultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure assists in violent expiration such as in coughing?

    <p>Latissimus dorsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the boundaries of the lumbar triangle?

    <p>Lateral border of the latissimus dorsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to the teres major, how does the latissimus dorsi position itself at its insertion?

    <p>Behind, below, then in front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the floor of the triangle of auscultation?

    <p>Rhomboideus major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical consequence of paralysis of the deltoid muscle?

    <p>Flattening of the shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT found in the deltopectoral groove?

    <p>Long head of biceps brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the supraspinatus muscle originate?

    <p>Medial two-thirds of the supraspinous fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the supraspinatus muscle perform?

    <p>Abducts the arm from 0° to 15°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the infraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Suprascapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the infraspinatus muscle?

    <p>Rotates the arm laterally and steadies the humeral head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the deltopectoral groove is true?

    <p>It ends just below the clavicle in the infraclavicular fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The insertion of the supraspinatus muscle is located at which specific area?

    <p>Highest impression on the greater tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pectoral Region Muscles

    • Pectoralis Major:
      • Superficial muscle of the pectoral region.
      • Forms the anterior axilla wall.
      • Origin:
        • Clavicular head: medial 1/2 of clavicle's anterior surface.
        • Sternocostal head: anterior sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages, external abdominal oblique aponeurosis.
      • Insertion: Lateral lip of the intertubercular (bicipital) groove.
      • Nerve supply: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
      • Action:
        • Adduction and medial rotation of the arm.
        • Clavicular head: arm flexion.
        • Sternocostal head: extension of flexed arm, used in activities like swimming, rowing, and climbing.
    • Pectoralis Minor:
      • Lies deep to the middle pectoralis major.
      • Origin: Outer surfaces of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs near their costal cartilages.
      • Insertion: Medial border and the upper surface of the coracoid process.
      • Nerve supply: Medial pectoral nerve.
      • Action:
        • Shoulder girdle protraction.
        • Shoulder depression.
        • With fixed scapula, it can raise ribs during forceful inspiration.
    • Subclavius:
      • Slender muscle located just below the clavicle.
      • Origin: Upper surface of the 1st costo-chondral junction.
      • Insertion: Groove on the lower surface of the middle third of the clavicle.
      • Nerve supply: Nerve to subclavius (C5).
      • Action: Stabilizes the clavicle, preventing excessive movement of the shoulder girdle.

    Muscles of the Back

    • Muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column:
      • Supplied by anterior primary rami of spinal nerves.
      • Superficial layer:
        • Trapezius
        • Latissimus dorsi
      • Deep layer:
        • Levator scapulae
        • Rhomboideus major
        • Rhomboideus minor
    • Trapezius:
      • Large triangular muscle covering the upper back.
      • Forms the outline of a trapezium when paired with its counterpart.
      • Origin:
        • Skull: External occipital protuberance and the medial third of the superior nuchal line.
        • Neck: Ligamentum nuchae and the spine of the 7th cervical vertebra.
        • Thorax: Spines of all thoracic vertebrae and their supraspinous ligaments.
      • Insertion:
        • V-shaped insertion.
        • Upper fibers: Posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle.
        • Middle fibers: Medial border of the acromion and the upper lip of the spine of the scapula.
        • Lower fibers: Rough tubercle on the crest of the spine of the scapula.
      • Nerve supply:
        • Motor: Accessory nerve.
        • Sensory: C3 and C4.
      • Action:
        • Maintains shoulder level.
        • Upper fibers: Elevate the shoulder girdle.
        • Upper and lower fibers: Rotate scapula, elevating the arm above the head.
        • Middle fibers: Retract the scapula and stabilize the posterior shoulder with the rhomboids.
    • Latissimus Dorsi:
      • Large triangular muscle covering the lower back down to the iliac crest.
      • Wide origin and narrow insertion tendon.
      • Origin:
        • Fleshy fibers: Posterior third of the iliac crest's outer lip, spines of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae (under the trapezius), thoraco-lumbar fascia, outer surface of the lower 4 ribs, a few fibers from the inferior angle of the scapula.
      • Insertion: Bicipital groove floor.
      • Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve (nerve to latissimus dorsi).
      • Action:
        • Extension, medial rotation and adduction of the arm (rowing and swimming).
        • Pulls the trunk upwards in climbing, working from its insertion.
        • Assists in forceful expiration (coughing).
    • Triangle of Auscultation:
      • Located medial to the scapula's lower part.
      • Allows clear auscultation of breath sounds.
      • Boundaries:
        • Above: Trapezius' lateral border
        • Below: Latissimus dorsi's upper border.
        • Laterally: Scapula's medial border's lower part.
      • Floor: Rhomboideus major, 6th and 7th ribs, and the space between them.
    • Lumbar Triangle:
      • Located above the iliac crest.
      • Potential site for lumbar hernia.
      • Boundaries:
        • Below: Iliac crest.
        • Medially: Latissimus dorsi's lateral border.
        • Laterally: Vertical posterior border of the external abdominal oblique muscle.
      • Floor: Internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles.

    Shoulder Region Muscles

    • Deltoid
      • Large triangular muscle covering the shoulder region.
      • Origin:
        • Clavicular head: Lateral third of the clavicle.
        • Acromial head: Acromion.
        • Spinal head: Spine of the scapula.
      • Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity on the lateral surface of the humerus.
      • Nerve supply: Axillary nerve (C5,6).
      • Action:
        • Abduction of the arm (up to 90 degrees).
        • Anterior fibers: Medial rotation of the arm.
        • Posterior fibers: Lateral rotation of the arm.
    • Supraspinatus:
      • Origin: Medial two-thirds of the supraspinous fossa.
      • Insertion: Highest impression on the greater tuberosity of the humerus.
      • Nerve supply: Suprascapular nerve (C5,6).
      • Action:
        • Stabilizes the humerus head in the glenoid cavity.
        • Initiates arm abduction (0-15 degrees).
    • Infraspinatus:
      • Origin: Medial two-thirds of the infraspinous fossa.
      • Insertion: Middle impression on the back of the greater tuberosity.
      • Nerve supply: Suprascapular nerve (C5,6).
      • Action:
        • Stabilizes the humeral head.
        • Lateral arm rotation.

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    Muscles for Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the muscles of the pectoral region, focusing on the Pectoralis Major and Minor. This quiz covers their origins, insertions, nerve supply, and actions. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.

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