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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the acromion?
What is the primary function of the acromion?
The glenoid cavity is a deep depression that allows for limited arm movement.
The glenoid cavity is a deep depression that allows for limited arm movement.
False
What is the function of the sternoclavicular joint?
What is the function of the sternoclavicular joint?
It connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton and allows limited movement.
The __________ is the bony prominence of the elbow that provides an attachment point for the triceps brachii muscle.
The __________ is the bony prominence of the elbow that provides an attachment point for the triceps brachii muscle.
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Match the following bones with their features:
Match the following bones with their features:
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How many phalanges are there in one hand?
How many phalanges are there in one hand?
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The carpals consist of 8 small bones that make up the wrist.
The carpals consist of 8 small bones that make up the wrist.
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Which type of synovial joint allows for sliding or gliding motions?
Which type of synovial joint allows for sliding or gliding motions?
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The sternocleidomastoid muscle helps flex and rotate the head.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle helps flex and rotate the head.
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What is the primary function of the orbicularis oris muscle?
What is the primary function of the orbicularis oris muscle?
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The internal oblique muscle _________ the trunk to the same side.
The internal oblique muscle _________ the trunk to the same side.
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Match the following skeletal muscles with their respective functions:
Match the following skeletal muscles with their respective functions:
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Which of the following bones is part of the pelvic girdle?
Which of the following bones is part of the pelvic girdle?
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The sacroiliac joint provides flexibility to the pelvis for movement.
The sacroiliac joint provides flexibility to the pelvis for movement.
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What is the function of the acetabulum?
What is the function of the acetabulum?
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The ___ is the largest tarsal bone.
The ___ is the largest tarsal bone.
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Match the following parts of the pelvic girdle with their functions:
Match the following parts of the pelvic girdle with their functions:
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What type of joint is classified as freely movable?
What type of joint is classified as freely movable?
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The patella develops within the tendon of the hamstring muscle.
The patella develops within the tendon of the hamstring muscle.
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Name one visible difference between a male and female pelvis.
Name one visible difference between a male and female pelvis.
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The ___ is a large hole in the pelvic bones that allows nerves and blood vessels to pass to the legs.
The ___ is a large hole in the pelvic bones that allows nerves and blood vessels to pass to the legs.
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Which joint category includes the sutures of the skull?
Which joint category includes the sutures of the skull?
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Which type of joint allows little to no movement and consists of a solid piece of cartilage connecting two bones?
Which type of joint allows little to no movement and consists of a solid piece of cartilage connecting two bones?
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Gomphosis joints allow for significant movement between the roots of teeth and their sockets in the jaw.
Gomphosis joints allow for significant movement between the roots of teeth and their sockets in the jaw.
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What are the two main types of connective tissue found in cartilaginous joints?
What are the two main types of connective tissue found in cartilaginous joints?
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The _____ ends of the tibia and fibula are joined by an interosseous ligament.
The _____ ends of the tibia and fibula are joined by an interosseous ligament.
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Match the following types of joints with their characteristics:
Match the following types of joints with their characteristics:
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What type of movement is described as a decrease in the angle between two bones?
What type of movement is described as a decrease in the angle between two bones?
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The epiphyseal cartilage in growing bones allows for significant movement between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
The epiphyseal cartilage in growing bones allows for significant movement between the epiphysis and diaphysis.
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List three functions of synovial fluid.
List three functions of synovial fluid.
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The _____ covers the articulating surfaces of the bones in a synovial joint.
The _____ covers the articulating surfaces of the bones in a synovial joint.
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Interosseous membranes are a type of syndesmosis that connect which bones?
Interosseous membranes are a type of syndesmosis that connect which bones?
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Which type of joint allows movement in only one plane?
Which type of joint allows movement in only one plane?
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A pivot joint allows for biaxial movement.
A pivot joint allows for biaxial movement.
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Name one example of a ball and socket joint.
Name one example of a ball and socket joint.
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The movement of a body part toward the midline of the body is called ______.
The movement of a body part toward the midline of the body is called ______.
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Match the type of synovial joint with its description:
Match the type of synovial joint with its description:
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Which movement refers to turning the body part outward away from the midline?
Which movement refers to turning the body part outward away from the midline?
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Dorsiflexion refers to pointing the foot downward.
Dorsiflexion refers to pointing the foot downward.
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What is the primary motion of an ellipsoid joint?
What is the primary motion of an ellipsoid joint?
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The shoulder joint is classified as a ______ joint because of its wide range of motion.
The shoulder joint is classified as a ______ joint because of its wide range of motion.
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Which of the following movements is an example of elevation?
Which of the following movements is an example of elevation?
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Study Notes
Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb Bones
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Scapula:
- Acromion: Bony prominence, highest point of shoulder, deltoid muscle attachment
- Coracoid process: Hook-like structure, pectoralis minor and ligaments attachment
- Spine: Prominent ridge, trapezius and deltoid muscle attachment
- Glenoid cavity: Shallow, cup-like depression, articulates with humerus head, forming shoulder joint
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Clavicle:
- Sternoclavicular joint: Where sternum and clavicle meet, connects upper limb to axial skeleton, limited movement, shoulder stabilization
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Humerus:
- Head: Rounded, ball-like top, fits into glenoid cavity, forming shoulder joint
-
Ulna:
- Head: Smaller, rounded end, wrist joint, forearm rotation
- Olecranon: Bony elbow prominence, triceps brachii attachment, elbow joint
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Radius:
- Head: Rounded, disc-shaped top, forearm rotation, pronation, supination
- Carpals: Eight small wrist bones, flexibility and support, hand movements
- Metacarpals: Five palm bones, hand framework, gripping, hand movements
- Phalanges: Fourteen finger bones (three in each finger, two in thumb), fine motor movements
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb Bones
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Coxal bone:
- Ilium: Upper edge, muscle attachment
- Ischium:
- Pubis:
- Acetabulum: Cup-shaped socket, femur attachment, hip joint
- Iliac crest (greater): Upper edge of the ilium, attachment site for muscles
- Sciatic notch: Notch on the back of ilium, sciatic nerve passage to thigh
- Sacroiliac joint: Joint between sacrum and ilium, pelvis stabilization, weight transfer
- Obturator foramen: Large hole in pelvic bones, nerve and blood vessel passage to legs
- Pubic arch: Angle formed by pubic bones, wider in females for childbirth
- Symphysis: Joint between pubic bones, slight movement, childbirth
- Femur: Longest, strongest bone, supports body weight, hip and knee joint articulation
- Patella: Sesamoid bone in quadriceps tendon, protects knee joint, improves quadriceps leverage
-
Tibia:
- Tuberosity: Anterior surface, below the knee, patellar tendon attachment
- Medial malleolus: Inner ankle prominence, ankle joint stability
- Fibula: Smaller outer leg bone, muscle attachment, tibia support
- Tarsals: Ankle bones (talus and calcaneus), ankle joint and foot weight bearing support.
- Metatarsals: Five long midfoot bones, support for walking, running, and standing
- Phalanges (toes): Similar to fingers, movement, balance and stability during walking
Articulations (Joints)
-
Fibrous joints:
- Sutures: Immovable joints between skull bones (e.g., between parietal and frontal bones); thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue
- Syndesmoses: Limited movement; denser irregular connective tissue (e.g., interosseous ligaments between tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane between radius and ulna, gomphoses - teeth in sockets).
-
Cartilaginous joints:
- Synchondroses: Limited or no movement; hyaline or fibrocartilage (e.g., costal cartilage of 1st rib to manubrium, epiphyseal plate in growing bone)
- Symphyses: Slightly movable; hyaline and fibrocartilage (e.g., pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs).
-
Synovial joints:
- Plane: Flat or slightly curved surfaces, gliding movements, biaxial (e.g., between carpal bones, between tarsal bones, acromion and clavicle).
- Hinge: Convex-concave structure, monaxial, flexion and extension (e.g., elbow, knee)
- Pivot: Rotation around axis, monaxial (e.g., atlas and axis; radius and ulna)
- Ellipsoid/Condylar: Oval surfaces, biaxial, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction (e.g., wrist, knuckle joint)
- Saddle: Concave-convex surfaces, biaxial, more movement than ellipsoid (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of thumb, sternoclavicular joint)
- Ball and socket: Spherical head fits into cup, triaxial, extensive movement (e.g., shoulder hip)
Skeletal Muscles
- Functions: Provide voluntary movement, heat production, maintain posture
- Facial Expressions Muscles: (e.g., Orbicularis oris, platysma, Occipitofrontalis )
- Muscles that move the mandible (jaw): (e.g., masseter, temporalis)
- Muscles that move head: (e.g., sternocleidomastoid).
- Muscles of the abdominal wall: (e.g., external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis) - arranged deep to superficial
- Breathing Muscles: (e.g., diaphragm)
- Pectoral Girdle Movements: (e.g., serratus anterior, trapezius)
- Upper Limb Movements: (e.g., biceps brachii, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, triceps brachii)
- Lower Limb Movements: (e.g., hamstrings, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, quadriceps femoris, soleus, tibialis anterior, gracilis)
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of the pectoral girdle and upper limb bones, including the scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, and carpals. Test your knowledge on their structures, functions, and attachments. Ideal for students studying human anatomy.
