Questions and Answers
Who is the author of 'Pearls in Medicine for Students'?
What is the primary focus of 'Pearls in Medicine for Students'?
What is stated about great things, according to Vincent van Gogh?
In which medical field does Arup Kumar Kundu work?
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What type of resources does the publisher provide according to the content?
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What is the primary cause of traction alopecia?
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Which condition is characterized by localized or patchy hair loss and may present with 'exclamation mark' hairs?
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What is the typical recovery time for diffuse hair loss associated with telogen effluvium?
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Which of the following conditions involves scarring of the scalp?
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What condition results from unconscious hair pulling and leads to irregularly broken hair?
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Study Notes
Hair Loss
- Influenced by genetic, racial, nutritional, and hormonal factors.
- Scarring and non-scarring types of hair loss, with specific causes for each type.
Scarring Causes of Hair Loss
- Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
- Inflammatory conditions such as bacterial folliculitis and lichen planus.
- Trauma, chemical damage, and neoplasms can cause follicular destruction.
Non-Scarring Causes of Hair Loss
- Androgenetic alopecia (male-pattern baldness) and alopecia areata.
- Telogen effluvium triggered by stress, pregnancy, or illness, generally resulting in recovery within months.
- Trichotillomania involves self-induced hair pulling and irregular hair growth patterns.
Traction Alopecia
- Resulting from mechanical damage due to tight hairstyles or headgear.
Pseudopelade
- Characterized by atrophic, adherent scars; causes remain unknown.
Raynaud’s Phenomenon
- A vasospastic disorder with a triphasic color response: pallor, cyanosis, and rubor in fingers and toes.
- Triggered by cold exposure; symptoms include numbness and pain in digits.
Mechanism of Raynaud's Phenomenon
- Exaggerated reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction.
- Diagnosis can be aided by nail-fold capillography.
Treatment for Raynaud’s
- Relieve stress and provide reassurance.
- Medications may include calcium, magnesium, and antidepressants to manage symptoms.
Depressed Bridge of Nose
- Possible causes include:
- Lepromatous leprosy: characterized by facial thickening.
- Thalassemia major: presents with specific facial features.
- Down’s syndrome: displays marked physical traits including slanting eyes and low-set ears.
- Cretinism and congenital syphilis can also manifest as a depressed nose bridge.
General Notes on Diplopia
- Diplopia is classified as binocular (both eyes open) or uniocular (one eye open).
- Common causes include cranial nerve palsies and diseases affecting eye muscle function.
Clinical Diagnosis
- The 'red glass test' helps determine affected vision by comparing images.
- Assessment in nine cardinal gaze directions is essential for evaluating eye movement and diagnosing issues.
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Description
This quiz focuses on essential insights and practical knowledge in the field of medicine for students. It includes key concepts and clinical pearls that are crucial for aspiring medical professionals. Test your understanding and application of these important medical principles.
