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What is the main idea of the article "Chapter 5: The power of political communication"?

The article explores the influence of media on public opinion and political outcomes, focusing on the size of media effects, their duration, the relative power of different types of communication, and the limits of media influence.

According to the article "Chapter 5: The power of political communication", which of the following types of political communication tend to have the strongest impact on public opinion?

  • Party-sponsored communication
  • Raw news ingredients (correct)
  • Journalist-mediated communication
  • The research suggests that media effects tend to last for a very long time.

    False

    What is the core challenge facing political communication research today?

    <p>The core challenge facing political communication research is the rapid change in how people communicate politically in the digital age, while the field's research methods and theoretical frameworks have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of traditional approaches that are difficult to apply to modern political communication?

    <p>Traditional approaches that are difficult to apply to modern political communication include understanding people's use of social networking for political purposes, the role of digital intermediaries like search engines, audience fragmentation and information overload, and the use of specialized databases by political organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key elements does the article "Anti Colonial Rhetoric and Post Colonial Statecraft in Ghana" focus on in analyzing Nkrumah's Midnight Speech?

    <p>The article focuses on the crowd, Nkrumah himself, the Old Polo grounds where the ceremony took place, and the midnight timing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the article "Chapter 4: Media and Political Knowledge"?

    <p>The article discusses the lack of political knowledge among Americans compared to citizens from other countries, offering five explanations for this knowledge deficit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the article "The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication Chapter 4: A Typology of Media Effects"?

    <p>The article discusses the changes and challenges in the media environment and how they impact media effects research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the article "Six Ways the Media Influence Elections"?

    <p>The article examines six key ways the media influences elections, such as covering or not covering certain candidates, bias in coverage, role of social media, visual communication, data journalism, and the role of media as watchdogs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main takeaways from the article "The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication Chapter 13"?

    <p>The article discusses the state of research on niche communication, highlighting the challenges and potential of studying this phenomenon in a rapidly changing media landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the key takeaways from the article "The Dynamics of Political Communication Chapter 8"?

    <p>The article traces the evolution of presidential communication from Theodore Roosevelt's focus on transparency to the rise of image-making in the television era, culminating in the digital age and the role of social media in shaping modern campaigns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the key concepts highlighted by the article "The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication Chapter 12"?

    <p>Key concepts include the importance of debates in presidential campaigns, the significance of format and participant characteristics in shaping debates, and the impact of these elements on media coverage and audience response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument of the article "Why Strongmen Win in Weak States"?

    <p>The article argues that the rise of strongmen in weak states can be attributed to factors such as the emergence of new political parties, the dominance of social media platforms and a decline in traditional media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the main points discussed in the article "The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication Chapter 26"?

    <p>The article emphasizes the significant influence presidents have on media agendas, highlighting the interplay between presidential actions, media coverage, and public relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the article "South East Asia's Troubling Elections: Non Democratic Pluralism in Indonesia"?

    <p>The article analyzes the 2019 Indonesian presidential election, highlighting the growing polarization between religious pluralists and proponents of a stronger role for Islam, and emphasizing the potential decline of democratic norms in the country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the article "Each Fairy Tale, Each Myth - The Collapse of Vertical Media into a Welter of Disequilibrating Horizontal Media"?

    <p>The article explores the transition from traditional vertical media to horizontal media, characterized by niche audiences and agenda communities, highlighting the potential dangers of this shift, such as the erosion of democratic norms and the rise of echo chambers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main factors that are driving the shift from traditional media to horizontal media?

    <p>The main factors driving the shift from traditional media to horizontal media are the development of niche audiences, the rise of agenda communities, and the growing influence of social media and internet platforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the article "Foreign Policy"?

    <p>The article discusses the significance of Romania's role in providing aid and support to Ukraine, but highlights the challenges Romania faces in its relations with Kyiv due to domestic and international political considerations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the article "Theory of Change for Advocacy"?

    <p>The article emphasizes the importance of developing a theory of change for advocacy, which helps to connect actions to desired outcomes and allows for clear understanding and measurement of impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key points about interest groups and lobbying outlined in the video "Khan Academy - Interest Groups and Lobbying"?

    <p>The video defines interest groups, explains their role in the “iron triangle”, discusses the origin and role of lobbying, and provides examples of major interest group organizations, emphasizing their influence on policy and legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key takeaways from the article "What Makes a Brilliant Advocacy Strategy"?

    <p>The article emphasizes the importance of clarity of purpose, audience targeting, compelling messaging, and effective partnerships for impactful advocacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main argument of the article "How Corporate Lobbyists Conquered American Democracy"?

    <p>The article argues that corporations have become increasingly powerful lobbyists in American politics due to their increasing resources, aggressive lobbying strategies, and the willingness of politicians to engage in collaborative relationships with them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Political Communication

    • The text examines fundamental questions about media influence on public opinion and political outcomes.
    • Key areas include the size of media effects, their duration, the relative power of different communication types, and the limits of media influence.

    Size of Media Effects

    • Strong evidence that media effects are substantial enough to influence national elections.
    • Three field studies support this:
      • Washington Post study showing liberal-leaning newspapers increasing Democratic voting by approximately 11 percentage points.
      • British study demonstrating that newspaper endorsements can shift voting by 11-20 percentage points.
      • Fox News study revealing Fox News availability's contribution to a 0.55 percentage point gain for George W. Bush's 2000 election.

    Duration of Effects

    • Media effects tend to decay rapidly, often disappearing within weeks. This rapid decay doesn't negate impact; timing is crucial.
    • Communication near decision points (e.g., election day) can be influential even if brief.

    Types of Communication and Their Relative Power

    • Three main types of political communication:
      • Raw news ingredients (e.g., economic performance, war casualties, terrorist attacks).
      • Party-sponsored communication (messages from political parties/leaders).
      • Journalist-mediated communication (news reporting/framing).
    • Raw news ingredients often have the strongest effects, but party-sponsored and journalistic slants can significantly sway political outcomes.
    • Party-sponsored communication is particularly potent when competing with journalist-mediated content.

    Boundaries of Media Influence

    • Media influence is limited, especially when encountering strong personal beliefs.
    • People with strong existing views are less likely to change party allegiances than beliefs.
    • Individuals with weaker views may adjust opinions to match their party's stances.

    Economic Impact Context

    • Fox News provides Democrats with a small regular advantage.
    • Republican advertising generally adds about 2 percentage points to their vote share.
    • Economic performance can swing presidential votes by about 4 percent between elections.

    Political Communication Research: New Media, New Challenges, and New Opportunities

    • Political communication is powerful, but with nuances: Effects decay quickly; some communication types are more influential; strong personal beliefs resist media sway.
    • Impacts usually derive from raw news events or sustained partisan communication, particularly when timed strategically near decision points.

    The Core Challenge

    • Political communication research faces an intellectual impasse.
    • The field's research methods and theoretical frameworks haven't kept pace with the dramatic shifts in political communication in the digital age.

    Historical Development and Current State

    • Political communication research evolved into a focused discipline, drawing from social psychology, political science, and mass communication research.
    • This combination influenced studies of individual attitudes/opinions, elections/governmental processes, and concepts like agenda-setting.

    The Digital Age Challenge

    • Modern political communication presents challenges to traditional study approaches.
    • The article highlights the difficulties inherent in understanding phenomena like:
      • social media usage in political contexts
      • digital intermediaries (search engines)
      • Audience fragmentation and overload
      • specialized database use by political organizations,
      • and participatory forms of political communication.

    Learning from Adjacent Fields

    • Political communication research can benefit from examining how related fields (like audience research and journalism studies) adapt to studying the new challenges.
    • Examples include maintaining a balance between methods; embracing diverse perspectives on media use, acknowledging cross-media consumption; adapting to new forms of communication.

    Journalism Studies

    • Methodological diversity in journalism studies can offer insights into modern communication.
    • Combining traditional quantitative methods with qualitative approaches

    Anti Colonial Rhetoric and Post Colonial Statecraft in Ghana

    • Analysis of Kwame Nkrumah's Midnight Speech at Ghana's independence (1957).
    • This speech highlights a unique act of rhetorical invention, crucial to understanding postcolonial statecraft and the broader decolonization process in Africa.
    • Key elements include the crowd, Nkrumah himself, and the Old Polo Grounds location.

    History, Development and Current Status

    • The field of political communication has evolved significantly, adapting to changes in technologies and methodologies.

    Why People Know So Little About Politics

    • Five explanations of the knowledge deficit among Americans, particularly compared to European counterparts:
      • Lack of incentive.
      • News presentation style.
      • Media choices proliferation.
      • Leaders' deliberate dissembling
      • Disconnect between politics and everyday life.

    The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication--Chapter 4

    • The article chronicles the changes in the media environment over the last 50 years.
    • Transitions from TV dominance to the proliferation of cable TV and internet.
    • More fragmented audience with increased access to media.

    The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication-Chapter 13

    • Discusses the state of research on niche communication.
    • The field faces challenges keeping pace with rapidly evolving technologies and their implications for politics.
    • The fragmentation of the information environment creates a challenge to comprehensive scholarship.
    • Future research should investigate the contextual characteristics of communication beyond just the mode or technology used.

    The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication-Chapter 26

    • Explores the president's crucial role as a news source and the interaction between the president's agenda and the media agenda.
    • The president's agenda potentially influences or responds to the media's narrative.
    • Political campaigns strongly influence media agendas, particularly in election-driven societies.
    • Campaigns often attempt to control the media agenda.

    The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication-Chapter 34

    • Examines the complexities of political communication.
    • The article explores the dynamics of influence between public discourse and media.
    • Future research needs to shed light on the factors that influence the rise and fall of different narratives and perspectives.
    • It highlights the importance of looking at long-term trends in social influences as well as individual-level factors influencing public opinion.

    20th-Century Campaigns

    • Theodore Roosevelt's focus on transparency.
    • Franklin D. Roosevelt's use of radio.
    • John F. Kennedy's emphasis on image.
    • Richard Nixon's cynicism about truth.
    • These figures highlight evolving communication strategies.

    Television and Presidential Campaigns

    • Shows how television impacted campaign strategies.
    • The rise of image-making as a crucial aspect of political communication.

    Presidential Campaigns in the Digital Marketplace

    • Exploration of digital media's transformation of presidential campaigns.
    • Highlight of social media's importance in shaping public opinion.

    How Corporate Lobbyists Conquered American Democracy

    • Large corporations employ numerous lobbyists, often outspending other groups like labor unions.
    • Corporations now have more resources to engage in simultaneous offense and defense strategies on major policy issues.

    Each Fairy Tale, Each Myth—The Collapse of Vertical Media into a Welter of Disequilibrating Horizontal Media

    • Examination of the shift from traditional media dominance to a fragmented horizontal media landscape marked by niche audiences.
    • Explores the concept of disequilibration as a critical element in this shift.
    • The author emphasizes the erosion of democratic norms arising from this shift.

    Foreign Policy (Article)

    • Examines the Ukrainian president's visit to Romania that was marred by controversy.
    • Discusses Romania's role in providing assistance to Ukraine.
    • Highlighting the sensitivity of the issue domestically and internationally for Romania.

    Energy Security / Russian Influence

    • How Romania's gas infrastructure and natural gas development affect Russia's influence.
    • How Russia uses networks and business partnerships.
    • Romania's history of dealing with corruption and Russian influences.
    • The importance of gas development and the impact on European security.

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