PCOS Overview and Diagnosis

<p>PCOS can potentially affect multiple aspects of an individual's well-being, beyond just reproductive health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effectiveness of different PCOS treatments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intensive lifestyle program addressing weight loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessment for prediabetes with oral glucose tolerance test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin helps to improve hormonal balance and reduce insulin resistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early for women over the age of 35 and for women with additional factors contributing to infertility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gonadotrophins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endometriosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In adolescent and young women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B are significant concerns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-2 kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within 8 years of menarche (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Even a small amount of weight loss, such as 5%, can positively impact PCOS symptoms like menstrual regularity and reduce the risk of diabetes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>35 microgram ethinyloestradiol plus cyproterone acetate preparations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To induce a withdrawal bleed and protect the endometrium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of diabetes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cosmetic therapies such as laser and electrolysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient's blood type. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of lifestyle modifications, medical therapy, and cosmetic treatments may be necessary for effective PCOS management. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenotype A: Androgen excess + ovulatory dysfunction + polycystic ovarian morphology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Androgen excess (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measuring progesterone levels during the luteal phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCOS is more prevalent in women of Asian ethnicity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient fulfills at least two of the three Rotterdam criteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polycystic ovarian morphology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Other conditions causing hyperandrogenism and irregular cycles need to be investigated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a disorder affecting women’s reproductive health, metabolism, and psychological well-being.

These include irregular menstrual cycles, fertility issues, and hormonal changes in women with PCOS.

Metabolic issues such as insulin resistance, obesity, and increased risk of diabetes are common in PCOS.

Women with PCOS may experience depression, anxiety, and body image issues due to the condition.

PCOS is categorized as a significant public health concern because of its widespread prevalence and health implications for women.

PCOS affects 8-13% of reproductive-aged women, often undiagnosed.

Two of three criteria for PCOS: oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries.

Involves clinical signs like hirsutism and male pattern baldness, or biochemical signs like elevated testosterone.

Irregular or absent menstrual cycles indicating potential ovulatory dysfunction.

Women with PCOS may experience subfertility or infertility issues due to hormonal imbalances.

Can include anxiety, depression, and psychosexual dysfunction as a result of hormone imbalances.

Four phenotypes based on androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and ovarian morphology.

Other conditions like adrenal tumors or thyroid issues must be ruled out before diagnosing PCOS.

Common dermatological symptom due to hyperandrogenism, alongside hirsutism.

A 5% weight loss can restore menstrual regularity, assist mental wellbeing, and halve diabetes risk.

Involves a healthy diet, caloric restriction, and exercise for weight loss and prevention.

Combined oral contraceptive pill that regulates menstrual cycles and provides contraception.

Intermittent progestin may induce withdrawal bleeds and protect the endometrium in oligo/amenorrhea.

Cosmetic therapies like laser are best for localized hirsutism; access can be a barrier.

Topical drug used for localized facial hirsutism; expensive and short-term.

Generalized hirsutism may benefit from a mix of medical and cosmetic treatments.

Metformin may offer benefits for managing symptoms of PCOS, especially in insulin resistance.

A minimally invasive surgical treatment for PCOS addressing ovarian issues without injuring tissue.

Infertility caused by the absence of ovulation, commonly seen in conditions like PCOS.

Weight loss efforts focused on improving fertility in women with PCOS without medication.

First-line medication used to induce ovulation in women with PCOS, found to be more effective than clomiphene citrate.

Second-line hormonal medications used for ovulation induction after first-line treatments fail.

Assisted reproductive technology used when other treatments for infertility are unsuccessful.

Changes in daily habits, including diet and exercise, aimed at improving fertility outcomes.

Medication recommended for women with PCOS to manage weight, hormones, and metabolic issues.

A condition characterized by excess androgen hormones in women, leading to symptoms like hirsutism, acne, and alopecia.

Excessive hair growth in women, often a symptom of hyperandrogenism.

An increase in free testosterone levels in blood tests, indicating hyperandrogenism.

Diagnosis made if an ovary has 12+ small follicles or a volume > 10 mL.

A rare condition where only one ovary is affected by polycystic change.

Ultrasound is unreliable for diagnosing PCOS in adolescents within 8 years of menarche.

Includes lifestyle change, medical treatment, surgery, and fertility assistance to address symptoms and risks.

Women with PCOS often gain weight faster, averaging 1-2 kg/year compared to those without PCOS.