PCOS Overview and Diagnosis Criteria

<p>In vitro fertilization or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every two years if initially normal, annually if abnormal or overweight/obese (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate ovulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reproductive, metabolic, and psychological features (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A common public health issue with various health implications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCOS is only related to reproductive health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiovascular anomalies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it is a common condition that affects multiple health dimensions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligo/anovulation and hyperandrogenism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular menstrual cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&lt;21 days or &gt;35 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cushing syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum progesterone levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Male pattern balding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metabolic features (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combined oral contraceptive pill (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laser therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermittent progestin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cost and access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing risk of diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of 12 small antral follicles per ovary measuring 2 to 9 mm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focus on emotional concerns and preventive activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They experience weight gain averaging 1-2 kg per year (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 70% of young women may exhibit polycystic features on ultrasound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The prevalence of PCOS is higher in overweight and obese women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete avoidance of medical interventions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polycystic ovary syndrome, a health issue affecting women.

Symptoms related to the female reproductive system, such as irregular periods.

Health aspects related to metabolism, such as insulin resistance.

Emotional and mental health issues including anxiety or depression.

A condition that affects a large group of people and requires attention.

Up to 70% of women with PCOS are undiagnosed.

Two of the three criteria required: Oligo/anovulation, Hyperandrogenism, and Polycystic ovaries.

Irregular or absent ovulation, key symptom of PCOS.

Excess androgens in women leading to symptoms like hirsutism.

Excess body hair in women due to elevated androgens.

Four classifications: A, B, C, D based on symptoms and findings.

Anxiety, depression, and eating disorders often associated with PCOS.

Associated conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes in women with PCOS.

Irregular ovulation which can occur even in regular menstrual cycles.

Diagnosed via ultrasound showing 12+ small antral follicles or ovary volume >10 mL.

Involves lifestyle modification, medical, and surgical treatments, focusing on symptoms, fertility, and health risks.

Higher prevalence in women who are overweight or obese; weight gain is about 1-2 kg/year for those with PCOS.

Elevated levels of free testosterone in the blood, signaling a potential hormonal imbalance.

Ultrasound is unreliable for diagnosing PCOS in adolescents within 8 years of menarche.

One polycystic ovary is rare but significant in diagnosis; can indicate PCOS even if unilateral.

A minimally invasive surgical procedure to treat PCOS without damaging ovarian tissue.

Infertility caused by the absence of ovulation, often seen in PCOS.

Letrozole is more effective than clomiphene citrate for inducing ovulation.

Weight loss and lifestyle changes recommended for women under 35 with obesity before medication.

An early referral is advised for women over 35 or those with additional infertility factors.

Gonadotrophins provided if first-line treatments fail or other issues are present.

Regular checks on blood pressure and lipid profiles for PCOS patients, especially if overweight.

Medication that helps manage weight, hormonal, and metabolic issues in women with PCOS.

A 5% weight loss can restore menstrual regularity, assist mental wellbeing, reduce diabetes risk, and prevent cardiometabolic issues.

Involves healthy diet, caloric restriction, behavior change support, and exercise to aid weight loss and prevent future weight gain.

Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill helps regulate menstrual cycles and provides contraception, but has risks such as venous thromboembolism.

In women with oligo/amenorrhoea, intermittent progestin every 3 months can induce a withdrawal bleed.

Treatment for hirsutism depends on patient preference, access, and affordability, including cosmetic therapies and medications.

Best for localized hirsutism; laser and electrolysis are effective but can be costly and may have access barriers.

Topical eflornithine can aid in treating localized facial hirsutism but is costly.

Metformin might be beneficial for generalized hirsutism when combined with cosmetic approaches.