80 Questions
What is the most common dyslipidemia pattern found in women with PCOS?
Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides
What is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS?
Central obesity
What percentage of women with PCOS are estimated to have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) according to a meta-analysis?
35%
Which of the following is a characteristic of metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS?
Insulin resistance
What is the relative risk of myocardial infarction for people with PCOS compared to age-matched controls?
7-fold increased risk
Which condition is associated with a 3.5 fold increased risk of endometrial cancer?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
What is the recommended frequency for medically inducing withdrawal bleeds in women with PCOS to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer?
At least every 3-4 months
Which symptom is not typically associated with hyperandrogenism?
Clitoromegaly
In which women is routine endometrial assessment recommended?
In women younger than 45 with abnormal uterine bleeding
Which method is recommended to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer in women?
Oral contraceptive pills
What is the prevalence range of PCOS among the general population?
10-15%
Which of the following is NOT considered a metabolic manifestation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Hypertension
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of PCOS?
Regular menstrual periods
What is the significance of ultrasonography in diagnosing PCOS?
To visualize ovarian morphology
What percentage of PCOS cases are considered hereditary?
70%
What percentage of reproductive age women is affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
20-25%
Which demographic factor can influence the symptoms of androgen excess in PCOS?
Race/ethnicity
Which criteria are commonly used in diagnosing PCOS?
Rotterdam criteria
What is a fundamental component in the expression of genes related to PCOS?
Environment
Which of the following is a potential long-term health risk associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
What is a potential red flag for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) when it comes to acne?
Persistence of severe acne in adulthood
How does androgen excess contribute to acne in women?
Inducing comedone production
What is a key clinical manifestation of insulin resistance in people with PCOS?
Menstrual dysfunction
Which condition is most likely to be evaluated as a possible cause of alopecia in women?
Thyroid dysfunction
What is a significant long-term health risk associated with insulin resistance in women with PCOS?
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
What year were the Rotterdam Criteria for PCOS diagnosis established?
2003
Which pair of organizations proposed the first criteria for PCOS diagnosis in 1990?
National Institute of Health and World Health Organization
Which of the following is NOT a long-term health risk associated with PCOS?
Hypertension
What is a common metabolic manifestation associated with PCOS?
Metabolic syndrome
What is the significance of evaluating blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose tolerance in patients with PCOS?
To monitor metabolic health
What is a crucial requirement for diagnosing PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria?
Polycystic ovarian morphology
Which of the following is NOT a sign of PCOS based on clinical manifestations?
Increased muscle mass
According to the Rotterdam criteria, how many of the three criteria need to be met for a PCOS diagnosis?
Two out of three
Which condition should be excluded when diagnosing PCOS under the Rotterdam criteria?
Thyroid dysfunction
What type of amenorrhea suggests a possible diagnosis of PCOS?
Primary amenorrhea after age 15
Which of the following is a sign of exposure to higher levels of androgens but not a sign of PCOS?
Voice deepening
When should a diagnosis of PCOS be considered based on menstrual cycle irregularities?
> 1 year post menarche with < 21 or > 35-day cycles
Which manifestation could help diagnose PCOS based on clinical evidence?
Acne
What is NOT considered a criterion for diagnosing PCOS according to other organizations apart from the Rotterdam criteria?
< 21 days cycle length in perimenopause
'Premature ovarian insufficiency' is excluded as a related disorder during the diagnosis of PCOS, according to which criteria?
'Rotterdam' criteria
What is a potential consequence of untreated obstructive sleep apnea in women with PCOS?
Increased risk of hypertension
How does obesity contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in individuals with PCOS?
Increases inflammation and insulin resistance
What is a potential impact of PCOS-related infertility on a woman's self-image?
Decreased self-esteem
In women with PCOS, how does insulin resistance contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Increases atherosclerosis and hypertension risk
How does hyperandrogenism in PCOS contribute to the development of acne?
Increases inflammation and sebum production
Which cardiovascular risk factor is most commonly elevated in women with PCOS?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
What is the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in women with PCOS according to a meta-analysis?
35%
Which syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in women with PCOS?
Metabolic syndrome
What is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS?
Central obesity
What is the main cause of infertility in women with PCOS?
Anovulatory cycles
How does insulin resistance impact lean women with PCOS?
It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in lean women with PCOS
What is a potential consequence of androgen excess in women with PCOS?
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
How is metabolic syndrome associated with PCOS?
It increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS
Which factor is NOT typically associated with infertility in women with PCOS?
Hyperandrogenism
How does obesity impact the severity of PCOS?
Obesity increases the risk of metabolic abnormalities in PCOS
Which of the following is a potential cardiovascular risk factor in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Low HDL cholesterol levels
What is a common comorbidity associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) that contributes to poor sleep quality?
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Which of the following is a key feature of metabolic syndrome often seen in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
High fasting blood glucose levels
What is a significant factor contributing to infertility in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Anovulation
Which of the following best describes the relationship between obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Obesity exacerbates hormonal imbalances in PCOS
What is recommended for screening anovulation in people with PCOS who have eumenorrhea and are trying to conceive?
Serum progesterone measurement in the midluteal phase
What is a possible health risk associated with pregnancy in women with PCOS?
Higher rate of gestational diabetes only in obese women with PCOS
In women with PCOS, which of the following is a psychological health condition that is more prevalent?
Low self-esteem
What aspect of pregnancy is suggested to be at a higher risk for women with PCOS using ovulation induction medications?
Higher risk of preterm birth
What health complication is associated with PCOS, even in normal-weight individuals, but has a higher likelihood and severity with increased BMI?
Gestational Diabetes
Which condition is NOT a common clinical manifestation of hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS?
Virilization
What is the primary long-term health risk associated with obesity in women with PCOS?
Cardiovascular disease
In women with PCOS, what is the primary cause of infertility?
Anovulation
Which metabolic condition is NOT commonly associated with PCOS?
Diabetes insipidus
What is a significant risk factor for developing obstructive sleep apnea in women with PCOS?
Upper airway abnormalities
What is a key aspect of the association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and cardiovascular risk?
Insulin resistance increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease
How does obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) impact women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
OSA may worsen insulin resistance in women with PCOS
Which of the following is a common feature of metabolic syndrome in individuals with PCOS?
High waist circumference
How can infertility due to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affect a woman's emotional well-being?
It can cause emotional distress and impact self-image
How does obesity contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in individuals with PCOS?
Obesity exacerbates insulin resistance and increases the risk of metabolic complications
Which of the following best describes the relationship between insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS?
Insulin resistance significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in women with PCOS
What is a potential consequence of untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Exacerbation of metabolic complications
How does androgen excess contribute to acne development in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Androgen excess promotes inflammation and excess sebum production, leading to acne
What is a characteristic feature of dyslipidemia pattern often found in women with PCOS?
Elevated triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol levels
What is the significance of evaluating blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose tolerance in patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
It helps identify potential risks of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and other long-term health complications associated with PCOS
Explore how to conduct history and physical exams for patients with PCOS, screen for associated comorbidities, and understand the impact of PCOS on a woman's self-image and reproductive health. Learn about the importance of collaboration in managing PCOS patients and the historical background of PCOS.
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