PCOS CMS 250
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common dyslipidemia pattern found in women with PCOS?

  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low triglycerides
  • Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (correct)
  • High total cholesterol: HDL ratios
  • Elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low triglycerides

    • What is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS?

  • Low body mass index (BMI)
  • High levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
  • Central obesity (correct)
  • Normal cholesterol levels

    • What percentage of women with PCOS are estimated to have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) according to a meta-analysis?

  • 35% (correct)
  • 15%
  • 25%
  • 45%

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS?

    <p>Insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative risk of myocardial infarction for people with PCOS compared to age-matched controls?

    <p>7-fold increased risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a 3.5 fold increased risk of endometrial cancer?

    <p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for medically inducing withdrawal bleeds in women with PCOS to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer?

    <p>At least every 3-4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is not typically associated with hyperandrogenism?

    <p>Clitoromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which women is routine endometrial assessment recommended?

    <p>In women younger than 45 with abnormal uterine bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer in women?

    <p>Oral contraceptive pills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence range of PCOS among the general population?

    <p>10-15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a metabolic manifestation of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of PCOS?

    <p>Regular menstrual periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ultrasonography in diagnosing PCOS?

    <p>To visualize ovarian morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of PCOS cases are considered hereditary?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of reproductive age women is affected by Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic factor can influence the symptoms of androgen excess in PCOS?

    <p>Race/ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criteria are commonly used in diagnosing PCOS?

    <p>Rotterdam criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental component in the expression of genes related to PCOS?

    <p>Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential long-term health risk associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential red flag for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) when it comes to acne?

    <p>Persistence of severe acne in adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does androgen excess contribute to acne in women?

    <p>Inducing comedone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key clinical manifestation of insulin resistance in people with PCOS?

    <p>Menstrual dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most likely to be evaluated as a possible cause of alopecia in women?

    <p>Thyroid dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant long-term health risk associated with insulin resistance in women with PCOS?

    <p>Increased risk of cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year were the Rotterdam Criteria for PCOS diagnosis established?

    <p>2003</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of organizations proposed the first criteria for PCOS diagnosis in 1990?

    <p>National Institute of Health and World Health Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a long-term health risk associated with PCOS?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common metabolic manifestation associated with PCOS?

    <p>Metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of evaluating blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose tolerance in patients with PCOS?

    <p>To monitor metabolic health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial requirement for diagnosing PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria?

    <p>Polycystic ovarian morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sign of PCOS based on clinical manifestations?

    <p>Increased muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Rotterdam criteria, how many of the three criteria need to be met for a PCOS diagnosis?

    <p>Two out of three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition should be excluded when diagnosing PCOS under the Rotterdam criteria?

    <p>Thyroid dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of amenorrhea suggests a possible diagnosis of PCOS?

    <p>Primary amenorrhea after age 15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of exposure to higher levels of androgens but not a sign of PCOS?

    <p>Voice deepening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a diagnosis of PCOS be considered based on menstrual cycle irregularities?

    <p>&gt; 1 year post menarche with &lt; 21 or &gt; 35-day cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which manifestation could help diagnose PCOS based on clinical evidence?

    <p>Acne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT considered a criterion for diagnosing PCOS according to other organizations apart from the Rotterdam criteria?

    <p>&lt; 21 days cycle length in perimenopause</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Premature ovarian insufficiency' is excluded as a related disorder during the diagnosis of PCOS, according to which criteria?

    <p>'Rotterdam' criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of untreated obstructive sleep apnea in women with PCOS?

    <p>Increased risk of hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does obesity contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in individuals with PCOS?

    <p>Increases inflammation and insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential impact of PCOS-related infertility on a woman's self-image?

    <p>Decreased self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In women with PCOS, how does insulin resistance contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Increases atherosclerosis and hypertension risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does hyperandrogenism in PCOS contribute to the development of acne?

    <p>Increases inflammation and sebum production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiovascular risk factor is most commonly elevated in women with PCOS?

    <p>Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in women with PCOS according to a meta-analysis?

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in women with PCOS?

    <p>Metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS?

    <p>Central obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of infertility in women with PCOS?

    <p>Anovulatory cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does insulin resistance impact lean women with PCOS?

    <p>It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in lean women with PCOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of androgen excess in women with PCOS?

    <p>Obstructive Sleep Apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is metabolic syndrome associated with PCOS?

    <p>It increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in women with PCOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically associated with infertility in women with PCOS?

    <p>Hyperandrogenism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does obesity impact the severity of PCOS?

    <p>Obesity increases the risk of metabolic abnormalities in PCOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cardiovascular risk factor in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>Low HDL cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common comorbidity associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) that contributes to poor sleep quality?

    <p>Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature of metabolic syndrome often seen in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>High fasting blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor contributing to infertility in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>Anovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>Obesity exacerbates hormonal imbalances in PCOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for screening anovulation in people with PCOS who have eumenorrhea and are trying to conceive?

    <p>Serum progesterone measurement in the midluteal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible health risk associated with pregnancy in women with PCOS?

    <p>Higher rate of gestational diabetes only in obese women with PCOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In women with PCOS, which of the following is a psychological health condition that is more prevalent?

    <p>Low self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of pregnancy is suggested to be at a higher risk for women with PCOS using ovulation induction medications?

    <p>Higher risk of preterm birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health complication is associated with PCOS, even in normal-weight individuals, but has a higher likelihood and severity with increased BMI?

    <p>Gestational Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a common clinical manifestation of hyperandrogenism associated with PCOS?

    <p>Virilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary long-term health risk associated with obesity in women with PCOS?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In women with PCOS, what is the primary cause of infertility?

    <p>Anovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic condition is NOT commonly associated with PCOS?

    <p>Diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for developing obstructive sleep apnea in women with PCOS?

    <p>Upper airway abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and cardiovascular risk?

    <p>Insulin resistance increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) impact women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>OSA may worsen insulin resistance in women with PCOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common feature of metabolic syndrome in individuals with PCOS?

    <p>High waist circumference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can infertility due to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affect a woman's emotional well-being?

    <p>It can cause emotional distress and impact self-image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does obesity contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome in individuals with PCOS?

    <p>Obesity exacerbates insulin resistance and increases the risk of metabolic complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS?

    <p>Insulin resistance significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in women with PCOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>Exacerbation of metabolic complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does androgen excess contribute to acne development in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>Androgen excess promotes inflammation and excess sebum production, leading to acne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of dyslipidemia pattern often found in women with PCOS?

    <p>Elevated triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of evaluating blood pressure, lipid levels, and glucose tolerance in patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

    <p>It helps identify potential risks of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and other long-term health complications associated with PCOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

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