Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is ophthalmoscopy?
What is ophthalmoscopy?
The examination of the inside of the eye.
What is vertex distance?
What is vertex distance?
The distance from the back surface of the lens to the front of the eye.
What is the fundus?
What is the fundus?
The interior portion of the eyeball that may be seen on ophthalmoscopy.
What is the primary function of the inferior rectus muscle?
What is the primary function of the inferior rectus muscle?
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What is sub conjunctival hemorrhage?
What is sub conjunctival hemorrhage?
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What does a lensometer measure?
What does a lensometer measure?
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Aspheric lenses provide a smaller field of vision.
Aspheric lenses provide a smaller field of vision.
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What is visual acuity?
What is visual acuity?
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What is corneal edema?
What is corneal edema?
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What is a Snellen Chart used for?
What is a Snellen Chart used for?
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What is 0.25 D?
What is 0.25 D?
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Which type of lens will have the same power in all areas of the lens?
Which type of lens will have the same power in all areas of the lens?
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What lens material is the easiest to break?
What lens material is the easiest to break?
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What is Trivex?
What is Trivex?
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What two instruments are used to test patient blood pressure?
What two instruments are used to test patient blood pressure?
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What are conventional daily wear lenses?
What are conventional daily wear lenses?
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What is the macula?
What is the macula?
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What is the optic disc?
What is the optic disc?
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What is photoablation?
What is photoablation?
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What is the name for the part of the frame that connects the two eyewires?
What is the name for the part of the frame that connects the two eyewires?
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What is monovision?
What is monovision?
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What is a phoropter?
What is a phoropter?
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What does a tonometer measure?
What does a tonometer measure?
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What is proparacaine?
What is proparacaine?
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What is used to treat dry eyes?
What is used to treat dry eyes?
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How many layers are in the cornea?
How many layers are in the cornea?
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What provides nutrients for the lens and posterior cornea?
What provides nutrients for the lens and posterior cornea?
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What is the retina?
What is the retina?
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Rods are the photoreceptors that provide color vision.
Rods are the photoreceptors that provide color vision.
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Glaucoma causes damage to the eye.
Glaucoma causes damage to the eye.
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Diabetic patients may have vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic patients may have vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy.
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What is the purpose of HIPAA?
What is the purpose of HIPAA?
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What does PHI stand for?
What does PHI stand for?
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What are the two main types of filing systems?
What are the two main types of filing systems?
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What is referred to as the lifeline into and out of the practice?
What is referred to as the lifeline into and out of the practice?
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If a patient claims to have pain in the eye but does not have any other symptoms, when should you schedule them for an appointment?
If a patient claims to have pain in the eye but does not have any other symptoms, when should you schedule them for an appointment?
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Ultraviolet coating protects the eye from damaging UV light indoors and outdoors.
Ultraviolet coating protects the eye from damaging UV light indoors and outdoors.
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What is triage?
What is triage?
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What is a plano lens?
What is a plano lens?
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What is sodium fluorescein?
What is sodium fluorescein?
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What is Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)?
What is Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)?
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What are plus lenses used to correct?
What are plus lenses used to correct?
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What is keratoconus?
What is keratoconus?
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What does oculus dexter mean?
What does oculus dexter mean?
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What are cycloplegic drugs used for?
What are cycloplegic drugs used for?
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What provides the major refractive power of the eye?
What provides the major refractive power of the eye?
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What are anti-reflective coatings?
What are anti-reflective coatings?
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What is interpupillary distance (PD)?
What is interpupillary distance (PD)?
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What is the lacrimal gland?
What is the lacrimal gland?
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What is the "B" measurement?
What is the "B" measurement?
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What is the conjunctiva?
What is the conjunctiva?
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What is the lens?
What is the lens?
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What is vitreous?
What is vitreous?
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What is the optic nerve?
What is the optic nerve?
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What is the retina (again)?
What is the retina (again)?
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What is aqueous humor?
What is aqueous humor?
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What is the choroid?
What is the choroid?
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What is macular degeneration?
What is macular degeneration?
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What is a cataract?
What is a cataract?
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What is diabetic retinopathy?
What is diabetic retinopathy?
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What is glaucoma?
What is glaucoma?
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What is amblyopia?
What is amblyopia?
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What is strabismus?
What is strabismus?
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What is conjunctivitis?
What is conjunctivitis?
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What is cataract surgery?
What is cataract surgery?
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What is glaucoma surgery?
What is glaucoma surgery?
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What are mydriatics?
What are mydriatics?
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What are miotics?
What are miotics?
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What are eye anesthetics?
What are eye anesthetics?
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What are eye dilators?
What are eye dilators?
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What is cycloplegia?
What is cycloplegia?
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What is keratometry?
What is keratometry?
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What is retinoscopy?
What is retinoscopy?
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What is subjective refraction?
What is subjective refraction?
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What is binocular vision?
What is binocular vision?
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What is tonometry?
What is tonometry?
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What are visual fields?
What are visual fields?
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What is biomicroscopy?
What is biomicroscopy?
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What is fundus photography?
What is fundus photography?
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What is tomography?
What is tomography?
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What is topography?
What is topography?
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What does 'gtt' stand for?
What does 'gtt' stand for?
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What does 'qhs' mean?
What does 'qhs' mean?
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What does 'q_h' represent?
What does 'q_h' represent?
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What does 'p.o.' mean?
What does 'p.o.' mean?
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What does 'p.r.n.' stand for?
What does 'p.r.n.' stand for?
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What does the ciliary muscle do?
What does the ciliary muscle do?
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What does the superior rectus muscle do?
What does the superior rectus muscle do?
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What does the inferior rectus muscle do?
What does the inferior rectus muscle do?
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What does the internal/medial rectus muscle do?
What does the internal/medial rectus muscle do?
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What does the external/lateral rectus muscle do?
What does the external/lateral rectus muscle do?
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What does the superior oblique muscle do?
What does the superior oblique muscle do?
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What does the inferior oblique muscle do?
What does the inferior oblique muscle do?
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Study Notes
Eye Examination & Anatomy
- Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the inside of the eye using a magnifying instrument.
- Vertex distance: Measures from the back lens surface to the front of the eye.
- Fundus: Interior part of the eyeball visible during ophthalmoscopy.
- Macula: Retinal area responsible for sharp, clear vision.
- Optic disc: Junction of retinal nerve fibers forming the optic nerve.
Visual and Lens Properties
- Visual acuity: Measures the eye's ability to discern fine detail.
- Corneal edema: Swelling due to water retention in the cornea.
- Spherical lenses: Have the same power across all areas.
- Aspheric lenses: Incorrectly stated to provide a smaller field of vision; they actually expand it.
Contact Lenses & Lens Measurements
- Conventional daily wear lenses: Used during the day and removed at night.
- Lensometer: Measures back vertex power including sphere and cylinder.
- 0.25 D: Smallest unit of lens measurement.
- Plano lens: Has no refractive power.
Optical Measurements
- Tonometer: Measures intraocular pressure, essential for glaucoma assessment.
- Keratometry: Evaluates corneal curvature.
- Retinoscopy: Assesses eye refraction using light reflection.
Eye Conditions & Treatments
- Glaucoma: Progressive optic nerve damage due to increased intraocular pressure.
- Cataract: Clouding of the lens, leading cause of blindness.
- Diabetic retinopathy: Damage to retinal blood vessels due to diabetes.
- Macular degeneration: Age-related condition damaging central vision.
Surgical Procedures
- Cataract surgery: Lens removal, often replaced with an intraocular lens.
- Glaucoma surgery: Lowers eye pressure by improving aqueous humor drainage.
Medications & Eye Drops
- Proparacaine: A topical anesthetic used in ocular procedures.
- Mydriatics: Medications that dilate the pupils.
- Miotics: Drugs that constrict the pupils.
Eye Anatomy & Physiology
- Cornea: Provides major refractive power of the eye.
- Vitreous: Gel filling the eye, maintaining shape and allowing light passage.
- Aqueous humor: Nutrient fluid for the lens and cornea.
Filing & Office Management
- PHI: Protected Health Information under HIPAA regulations for health data privacy.
- Triage: System prioritizing medical treatment based on urgency of symptoms.
General Knowledge & Abbreviations
- gtt: Abbreviation for "drop."
- p.o.: Refers to medications taken "by mouth."
- qhs: Indicates medication given "at bedtime."
Eye Muscles Motion
- Inferior rectus muscle: Responsible for moving the eye downward.
- Superior oblique: Controls downward diagonal movement.
- External/lateral rectus: Moves the eye outward.
Additional Instruments
- Phoropter: Device used for determining spectacle correction.
- Biomicroscopy: Utilizes slit lamp for detailed eye examination.
Visual Processing
- Binocular vision: Ability to focus on an object with both eyes for a single image.
- Visual fields: Overall visible area when the eyes are forward-focused.
Contact Lens Types
- Monovision: Corrects one eye for distance, and the other for near vision, helpful for presbyopia.
Imaging Techniques
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Non-invasive, imaging technique to view eye structures.
- Fundus photography: Captures images of the eye's interior.
Important Definitions
- Choroid: Layer behind the retina that absorbs excess light.
- Ciliary muscle: Adjusts lens shape to control focus.
Testing Techniques
- Tonometry: Assesses intraocular pressure for glaucoma risk.
- Subjective refraction: Patient-dependent method determining eye correction needs.
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