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Questions and Answers

What is ophthalmoscopy?

The examination of the inside of the eye.

What is vertex distance?

The distance from the back surface of the lens to the front of the eye.

What is the fundus?

The interior portion of the eyeball that may be seen on ophthalmoscopy.

What is the primary function of the inferior rectus muscle?

<p>Turn the eye downward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sub conjunctival hemorrhage?

<p>A broken blood vessel between the sclera and conjunctiva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a lensometer measure?

<p>Back vertex power which includes sphere and cylinder power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aspheric lenses provide a smaller field of vision.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is visual acuity?

<p>The measure of the finest detail the eye may detect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is corneal edema?

<p>When water is retained and swelling occurs in the cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Snellen Chart used for?

<p>To measure acuity at distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 0.25 D?

<p>The smallest unit of lens measure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lens will have the same power in all areas of the lens?

<p>Spherical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lens material is the easiest to break?

<p>Glass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Trivex?

<p>A mid-index lens material that is thinner than glass or CR-39, free from distortion and aberration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two instruments are used to test patient blood pressure?

<p>Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are conventional daily wear lenses?

<p>One type of contact lens that is applied after waking and removed before going to sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the macula?

<p>The part of the retina responsible for sharp, clear vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optic disc?

<p>The portion of the optic nerve formed by the meeting of all retinal nerve fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is photoablation?

<p>The procedure using ultraviolet radiation from a laser to remove tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the part of the frame that connects the two eyewires?

<p>Bridge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is monovision?

<p>Corrects one eye for distance and the other eye for near.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a phoropter?

<p>The instrument that contains lenses and can be used to determine spectacle correction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a tonometer measure?

<p>Pressure in the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is proparacaine?

<p>A topical anesthetic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to treat dry eyes?

<p>Artificial tears and lubricants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many layers are in the cornea?

<p>Five.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides nutrients for the lens and posterior cornea?

<p>Aqueous humor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the retina?

<p>The light sensitive part of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rods are the photoreceptors that provide color vision.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glaucoma causes damage to the eye.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetic patients may have vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of HIPAA?

<p>Improve the portability and continuity of health insurance coverage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PHI stand for?

<p>Protected health information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of filing systems?

<p>Numerical and alphabetical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the lifeline into and out of the practice?

<p>Telephone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient claims to have pain in the eye but does not have any other symptoms, when should you schedule them for an appointment?

<p>Immediately have them come in to the office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ultraviolet coating protects the eye from damaging UV light indoors and outdoors.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is triage?

<p>The system for sorting and assigning priorities for medical treatment based on urgency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a plano lens?

<p>A lens with no power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sodium fluorescein?

<p>An ophthalmic stain, available in liquid form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)?

<p>A laser-based, non-contact, non-invasive imaging technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are plus lenses used to correct?

<p>Hyperopia and presbyopia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is keratoconus?

<p>When the cornea thins and bulges forward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does oculus dexter mean?

<p>Right eye (OD).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cycloplegic drugs used for?

<p>To dilate the eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides the major refractive power of the eye?

<p>Cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are anti-reflective coatings?

<p>Coatings that increase visual acuity by reducing internal lens reflections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is interpupillary distance (PD)?

<p>The distance between the center of the pupil of each eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lacrimal gland?

<p>Supplies most of the tears to the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the "B" measurement?

<p>The frame height, the most vertical dimension of the lens opening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjunctiva?

<p>Transparent covering of the eye that lies between the eyelid and front of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lens?

<p>Located behind the pupil, it adjusts the amount of focus for light reaching the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vitreous?

<p>The gel that fills the eye and allows it to maintain its shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optic nerve?

<p>The pathway between the eye and the brain that transmits visual signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the retina (again)?

<p>The nerve center of the eye where light is converted into electrical signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aqueous humor?

<p>A jelly-like substance located in the anterior chamber.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the choroid?

<p>A layer located behind the retina that absorbs unused radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is macular degeneration?

<p>Aging-related condition that damages sharp and central vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cataract?

<p>A clouding of the eye's lens and leading cause of blindness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diabetic retinopathy?

<p>A complication of diabetes causing progressive damage to retinal blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is glaucoma?

<p>A group of diseases that can damage the optic nerve and result in vision loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is amblyopia?

<p>(Lazy Eye) A condition where vision in one eye is reduced due to miscommunication between the eye and the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is strabismus?

<p>Involves an imbalance in the positioning of the two eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is conjunctivitis?

<p>Swelling or infection of the membrane lining the eyelids or conjunctiva.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cataract surgery?

<p>Surgical removal of the lens, usually replaced with a plastic intraocular lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is glaucoma surgery?

<p>Surgeries that lower intraocular pressure by facilitating the escape of excess aqueous humor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are mydriatics?

<p>Dilators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are miotics?

<p>Constrictors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are eye anesthetics?

<p>Proparacaine, Tetracaine, Cocaine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are eye dilators?

<p>Tropicamide, Atropine, Scopolamine, Phenylephrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cycloplegia?

<p>A paralysis of the ciliary muscle, so accommodation can't occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is keratometry?

<p>Measurement of the form and curvature of the cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is retinoscopy?

<p>A method of determining the state of refraction of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is subjective refraction?

<p>The result of the refraction depends on the patient's ability to discern changes in clarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is binocular vision?

<p>The ability to maintain visual focus on an object with both eyes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tonometry?

<p>A test that measures the pressure inside your eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are visual fields?

<p>The entire area that can be seen when the eye is directed forward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is biomicroscopy?

<p>The ophthalmic examination of the eye using a slit lamp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fundus photography?

<p>The creation of a photograph of the interior surface of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tomography?

<p>Refers to imaging by section or sectioning using any kind of penetrating wave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is topography?

<p>Computer-assisted method of mapping the surface curvature of the cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'gtt' stand for?

<p>Drop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'qhs' mean?

<p>At bedtime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'q_h' represent?

<p>Every _ hour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'p.o.' mean?

<p>By mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'p.r.n.' stand for?

<p>As needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ciliary muscle do?

<p>Controls the focusing power of the eye by changing the shape of the lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the superior rectus muscle do?

<p>Moves the eye upward and inward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the inferior rectus muscle do?

<p>Moves the eye downward and inward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the internal/medial rectus muscle do?

<p>Moves the eye inward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the external/lateral rectus muscle do?

<p>Moves the eye outward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the superior oblique muscle do?

<p>Moves the eye downward and diagonally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the inferior oblique muscle do?

<p>Moves the eye upward and diagonally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Eye Examination & Anatomy

  • Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the inside of the eye using a magnifying instrument.
  • Vertex distance: Measures from the back lens surface to the front of the eye.
  • Fundus: Interior part of the eyeball visible during ophthalmoscopy.
  • Macula: Retinal area responsible for sharp, clear vision.
  • Optic disc: Junction of retinal nerve fibers forming the optic nerve.

Visual and Lens Properties

  • Visual acuity: Measures the eye's ability to discern fine detail.
  • Corneal edema: Swelling due to water retention in the cornea.
  • Spherical lenses: Have the same power across all areas.
  • Aspheric lenses: Incorrectly stated to provide a smaller field of vision; they actually expand it.

Contact Lenses & Lens Measurements

  • Conventional daily wear lenses: Used during the day and removed at night.
  • Lensometer: Measures back vertex power including sphere and cylinder.
  • 0.25 D: Smallest unit of lens measurement.
  • Plano lens: Has no refractive power.

Optical Measurements

  • Tonometer: Measures intraocular pressure, essential for glaucoma assessment.
  • Keratometry: Evaluates corneal curvature.
  • Retinoscopy: Assesses eye refraction using light reflection.

Eye Conditions & Treatments

  • Glaucoma: Progressive optic nerve damage due to increased intraocular pressure.
  • Cataract: Clouding of the lens, leading cause of blindness.
  • Diabetic retinopathy: Damage to retinal blood vessels due to diabetes.
  • Macular degeneration: Age-related condition damaging central vision.

Surgical Procedures

  • Cataract surgery: Lens removal, often replaced with an intraocular lens.
  • Glaucoma surgery: Lowers eye pressure by improving aqueous humor drainage.

Medications & Eye Drops

  • Proparacaine: A topical anesthetic used in ocular procedures.
  • Mydriatics: Medications that dilate the pupils.
  • Miotics: Drugs that constrict the pupils.

Eye Anatomy & Physiology

  • Cornea: Provides major refractive power of the eye.
  • Vitreous: Gel filling the eye, maintaining shape and allowing light passage.
  • Aqueous humor: Nutrient fluid for the lens and cornea.

Filing & Office Management

  • PHI: Protected Health Information under HIPAA regulations for health data privacy.
  • Triage: System prioritizing medical treatment based on urgency of symptoms.

General Knowledge & Abbreviations

  • gtt: Abbreviation for "drop."
  • p.o.: Refers to medications taken "by mouth."
  • qhs: Indicates medication given "at bedtime."

Eye Muscles Motion

  • Inferior rectus muscle: Responsible for moving the eye downward.
  • Superior oblique: Controls downward diagonal movement.
  • External/lateral rectus: Moves the eye outward.

Additional Instruments

  • Phoropter: Device used for determining spectacle correction.
  • Biomicroscopy: Utilizes slit lamp for detailed eye examination.

Visual Processing

  • Binocular vision: Ability to focus on an object with both eyes for a single image.
  • Visual fields: Overall visible area when the eyes are forward-focused.

Contact Lens Types

  • Monovision: Corrects one eye for distance, and the other for near vision, helpful for presbyopia.

Imaging Techniques

  • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Non-invasive, imaging technique to view eye structures.
  • Fundus photography: Captures images of the eye's interior.

Important Definitions

  • Choroid: Layer behind the retina that absorbs excess light.
  • Ciliary muscle: Adjusts lens shape to control focus.

Testing Techniques

  • Tonometry: Assesses intraocular pressure for glaucoma risk.
  • Subjective refraction: Patient-dependent method determining eye correction needs.

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