Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines

Reading Process

• Reading is a complex cognitive process that involves fluency, decoding, vocabulary, comprehension, and more.
• It is a language skill that requires an interactive process between the reader and the writer.

Stages of Reading

• Pre-reading: previewing, freewriting, surveying, questioning, and identifying the author's purpose.
• While-reading: understanding the meaning of words through context clues, predicting, inferring, comprehending, and annotating.
• Post-reading: reflection, summarizing, paraphrasing, drawing conclusions, making graphic organizers, and journal writing.

Reading Strategies

• Previewing: using title and author details, main and subheadings, abstract, and rapid reading.
• Skimming: quickly glancing through the text to identify key points.
• Scanning: searching for specific information.
• Inferential reading: reading between the lines.
• Critical reading: close and thorough evaluation of the text.

Purposes of Reading

• To be informed.
• To be entertained.
• To be persuaded.

Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines

• Pattern of development: a logical arrangement of ideas that helps readers follow the writer's ideas.
• Signal words: words that help identify the pattern of development, such as "is defined as," "to illustrate," "refers to," etc.

Patterns of Development

• Definition: explains a new idea, thought, or concept.
• Exemplification: presents a general statement and provides specific examples.
• Description: provides details using a sensory or spatial pattern.
• Classification: sorts subjects into groups or explains various parts of a topic.
• Comparison and Contrast: compares and contrasts two or more ideas.
• Cause and Effect: explains the cause and effect of an event.
• Problem-Solution: presents a problem and offers a solution.
• Persuasion: aims to persuade the reader to a particular point of view.
• Narration: tells a story or a series of events.
• Description: goes into detail to make readers visualize.
• Definition: explains what something is through narrative or informative details.
• Classification: sorts subjects into groups or explains various parts of a topic.
• Exemplification: provides a series of examples to turn a general idea into a concrete one.

Narration

• Most basic pattern of development.
• Describes how, when, and where an event actually happened.
• Objective narration: presents facts.
• Subjective narration: conveys feelings, insights, and points of view.
• Components: logical action, way of narration, terminology, concrete terms, abstract terms, general terms, and specific terms.