Patterns of Settlement

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between a settlement's sphere of influence and its threshold population?

  • The sphere of influence is directly proportional to the threshold population, meaning a larger threshold population always leads to a wider sphere of influence.
  • The sphere of influence is directly proportional to the threshold population, but only up to a certain point after which the relationship becomes more complex.
  • The relationship between sphere of influence and threshold population is complex and can be influenced by various factors, including accessibility, resources, and the type of services provided. (correct)
  • The threshold population is inversely proportional to the sphere of influence, so a higher threshold population results in a smaller sphere of influence.

Which type of settlement is most likely to experience greater competition for land use, and why?

  • Linear settlements, as they tend to be elongated along a specific route.
  • Dispersed settlements, due to the scattered nature of their dwellings.
  • Nucleated settlements, because they are often concentrated around a central focal point, leading to greater demand for limited space. (correct)
  • Rural settlements, as they experience less population density compared to urban settlements.

Which of the following factors would NOT typically influence the location of a high-order settlement?

  • The presence of a large, skilled workforce with diverse expertise.
  • Proximity to transportation networks like roads, railways, or airports.
  • Access to a readily available source of cheap labor. (correct)
  • The density of the surrounding population.
  • Availability of natural resources like fertile land or mineral deposits.
  • Proximity to a natural resource, like an abundant supply of water.
  • The availability of a diverse range of specialized services.

Which of the following statements best describes the Rural-Urban Fringe?

<p>A transitional zone with a blend of rural and urban land uses, often experiencing conflicts due to competing demands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measures would be LEAST effective in addressing the problem of traffic congestion in urban areas?

<p>Expanding the existing road network by constructing new highways and widening existing roads. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, which of the following is LEAST likely to be found in a high-order settlement?

<p>A high-order settlement likely has a high density of residential areas, with apartment buildings and multi-family housing dominating the landscape. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common problem faced by urban areas?

<p>Scarcity of natural resources, such as mineral deposits, forests, and fertile land. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a nucleated settlement, as described in the text?

<p>The presence of a central focal point, often a religious site, market, or crossroads. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dispersed settlement

Scattered, isolated dwellings or small hamlets in rural areas.

Linear settlement

Settlements that are elongated along a road, river, or valley.

Nucleated settlement

Compact, closely built settlements centered around a focal point.

High-order settlements

Settlements providing specialized, infrequent services, e.g., large cities.

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Low-order settlements

Settlements that provide basic, everyday services, e.g., villages.

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Central Business District (CBD)

Commercial heart of a city with offices, shops, and financial institutions.

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Pollution in urban areas

Problems like air, noise, water, and visual pollution in cities.

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Urban planning solutions

Strategies like zoning laws and green technologies to solve urban problems.

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Study Notes

Patterns of Settlement

  • Types:
    • Dispersed: Scattered, isolated dwellings or small hamlets.
    • Linear: Settlements elongated along a road, river or valley.
    • Nucleated: Compact, closely built settlements around a focal point (e.g., church, market, crossroads).
  • Examples: Dispersed settlements in rural France, linear settlements along rivers in Germany, nucleated settlements in medieval European towns.

Factors Influencing Settlements

  • Physical Factors: Relief, soil quality, water supply, and climate.
  • Accessibility: Proximity to roads, rivers, and other transportation networks.
  • Resources: Availability of natural resources like minerals, forests, and fertile land.

Hierarchy of Settlements and Services

  • High-order settlements: Offer specialized, infrequent services (e.g., large cities).
  • Middle-order settlements: Offer a mix of everyday and specialized services (e.g., towns).
  • Low-order settlements: Provide basic, everyday services (e.g., villages).
  • Sphere of Influence & Threshold Population: The area served by a settlement and the minimum population needed to support a service.

Urban Settlements

Characteristics and Changes in Urban Land Use

  • Land Use Zones: Various land uses, e.g., residential, industrial, commercial.

Problems and Solutions in Urban Areas

  • Problems:
    • Pollution: Air, noise, water, visual.
    • Housing: Overcrowding, slums, inadequate housing.
    • Traffic Congestion: Excessive vehicles.
    • Land Use Conflicts: Competing demands for limited space.
  • Solutions:
    • Pollution Control: Regulations, green technologies.
    • Affordable Housing: Government policies, public housing.
    • Improved Public Transport: Investment in buses, trains, subways.
    • Urban Planning: Zoning laws, planned development.

Urbanisation

Rapid Urban Growth

  • Factors:

    • Physical: Natural increase due to birth rates.
    • Economic: Job opportunities attracting migrants.
    • Social: Better living standards and services.
  • Impacts of Urban Growth:

    • Positive: Economic Growth, Improved Services (healthcare, education, entertainment).
    • Negative: Overcrowding, strain on infrastructure and resources. Environmental Degradation (Pollution, deforestation, loss biodiversity), Squatter Settlements (informal housing).

Solutions to Urbanisation Issues

  • Urban Planning: Sustainable development and green spaces.
  • Slum Upgrading: Improving infrastructure and services in informal settlements.
  • Decentralisation: Promoting development in smaller towns and rural areas.

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