28 Questions
What is the value of $e$?
$6$
How many letters does the word 'unsuccessful' have in the text?
$10$
What is the total number of letters in the text?
$400$
In the text, which letter appears most frequently?
'r'
How many unique letters are used in the text?
$20$
Which letter is the least frequent in the text?
'p'
What is the name of the document mentioned in the text?
A u s g a b e
How many different names of documents are mentioned in the text?
6
What type of content is likely contained in 'e i c her E i' document?
Educational
Which letter marks the start of each document name mentioned in the text?
A
What feature distinguishes 'r kR e c' from other document names?
Use of uppercase letters
Which document name appears to be repeated in the text?
'S p S p S p S p ei c her E i'
What is the name of the researcher mentioned in the text?
Ei
Which letter is followed immediately by 'w' in the text?
c
What does 'g' represent in the text?
Subject
In the text, what follows immediately after 'S p e c h'?
R
Which researcher does not appear in the text?
R
What is the missing letter following 'R e c h ei c here E S i n t'? (Hint: Not 'w')
t
What is the missing letter in the text?
H
Which letter immediately follows 'S p e c h e S n t' in the text?
u
How many times does 'e i c her E S' appear in the text?
2
What type of supercomputers are shared-/distributed-memory hybrids?
Shared-memory parallel computers
'e A r u' is followed by which phrase in the text?
k g s
What is a characteristic of Uniform Memory Access (UMA) architecture?
The shared memory has a single address space for all processors/cores
What distinguishes ccNUMA architecture from UMA architecture?
In ccNUMA, latency and bandwidth are constant regardless of core-memory position
What does 'UMA' stand for in the context of CPU architectures?
Unified Memory Architecture
Which type of supercomputer architecture has cache coherence ensuring consistency?
Shared-memory parallel computers
What feature differentiates Uniform Memory Access (UMA) from Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA)?
Latency and bandwidth variation in NUMA based on core-memory position
Study Notes
Modern Supercomputers
- Modern supercomputers are shared-/distributed-memory hybrids
- They combine the advantages of shared-memory and distributed-memory architectures
Shared-Memory Parallel Computers
- Shared-memory parallel computers have a single address space for all processors/cores
- They are cache coherent, meaning changes in one cache are communicated to all others for consistency
CPU Shared Memory
- Two basic variants of CPU shared memory: UMA (Uniform Memory Access) and ccNUMA (cache-coherent Non-Uniform Memory Access)
- UMA:
- All memory is accessible by all cores with equal latency and bandwidth
- No distinction between local and remote memory
- ccNUMA:
- Latency and bandwidth vary depending on the mutual position of core and memory
- Provides better performance and scalability than UMA
Why ccNUMA?
- ccNUMA is preferred over UMA due to its ability to handle larger and more complex systems
- It provides better performance and scalability by minimizing memory access latency and bandwidth variation
Test your pattern recognition skills with this quiz. Decode the sequence of letters and find the missing ones to complete the pattern.
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