Patriarchy and Women's Bodies

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Questions and Answers

What central argument does Alan G. Johnson make about patriarchy?

  • Patriarchy is an outdated concept that is no longer relevant.
  • Patriarchy is best understood as a systemic framework. (correct)
  • Patriarchy is a simple collection of individual behaviors.
  • Patriarchy primarily benefits women in society.

Which feature of patriarchy is characterized by men holding predominant positions of power?

  • Male Dominance (correct)
  • Control and Violence
  • Male Identification
  • Male Centeredness

What does Johnson suggest about individual participation in patriarchy?

  • Individuals can completely opt out of patriarchal norms.
  • Only those who agree with patriarchal values participate.
  • Men face oppression within a patriarchal system.
  • Participation is often unconscious and influenced by socialization. (correct)

What paradox does Johnson identify concerning individuals in a patriarchal system?

<p>People benefit from patriarchy yet still endure its harms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Johnson claim is necessary for dismantling patriarchy?

<p>Collective action and cultural transformation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does patriarchy maintain its structures, according to Johnson?

<p>Through mechanisms of control, including coercion and violence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is prioritized in a patriarchal society according to Johnson's analysis?

<p>Values associated with masculinity like strength and rationality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Johnson's essay contribute to discussions about oppression?

<p>By promoting a structural analysis of systemic oppression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Angela King highlight about societal norms and their impact on women?

<p>They confine women within rigid frameworks of femininity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which facet does Ortner NOT identify as being affected by patriarchy?

<p>Environmental sustainability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Ortner describe the relationship between patriarchy and capitalism?

<p>Both reinforce each other in various ways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of patriarchy according to Ortner?

<p>It is characterized by male-gendered power structures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ortner suggest is necessary for confronting patriarchy effectively?

<p>An intersectional approach to analysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Ortner’s examination of patriarchy significant for contemporary discourse?

<p>It highlights the systemic nature of patriarchy in current society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best portrays the essence of Ortner’s article?

<p>A detailed analysis of patriarchal systems and their impact. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which contexts does Ortner identify patriarchy as being particularly embedded?

<p>In families and corporate structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does King’s work primarily encourage individuals to do?

<p>Disrupt rigid gender norms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception about patriarchy does Ortner aim to counter?

<p>That patriarchy is entirely a thing of the past. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a reason for the persistence of patriarchy?

<p>Deeply entrenched social systems and norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the essay suggest men can engage with feminist discourse?

<p>By recognizing their roles in perpetuating or challenging patriarchy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Johnson provide to help individuals resist patriarchal norms?

<p>Practical insights applicable in everyday life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What interdisciplinary relevance does the essay’s framework have?

<p>Applicable across sociology, gender studies, and psychology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Johnson underscore as necessary for challenging patriarchal values?

<p>Cultural transformation towards egalitarian values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critique does King make regarding Foucault's theories?

<p>They are largely gender-neutral and not reflective of women's experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does King define the 'docile body'?

<p>A body that is shaped and controlled to conform to societal expectations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What societal pressures does King discuss regarding women's bodies?

<p>Expectations to comply with beauty standards and constant self-regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the title 'The Prisoner of Gender' signify?

<p>Confinement within societal expectations of femininity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspects does King analyze in relation to the 'prisoner' concept?

<p>Intersectionality with race and class in body disciplining (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does King suggest about women's adherence to beauty standards?

<p>It can be viewed as a form of agency despite societal pressures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of King’s critique of beauty standards?

<p>It highlights the cultural machinery that enforces unattainable ideals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the essay encourage regarding the disciplining of female bodies?

<p>Resistance against normative constructions of femininity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is patriarchy?

A social system where power, privilege, and authority are primarily held by men.

Is patriarchy just about bad men?

It's not about individual men's bad behavior, but the entire societal structure supporting male dominance.

How do individuals participate in patriarchy?

Even if you don't agree, you still participate in its rules and norms.

What is male identification in patriarchy?

Traits associated with masculinity (strength, rationality) are valued more.

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What is male-centeredness in patriarchy?

Men's experiences dominate narratives, media, and institutions, marginalizing women.

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How does patriarchy maintain control?

Patriarchy uses control and violence to maintain its power structures.

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What's the paradox of participation in patriarchy?

Individuals can both benefit and be harmed by the system.

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How to dismantle patriarchy?

Shifting from individual blame to addressing systemic issues.

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Patriarchy

A social system where men primarily hold power and authority, influencing politics, morality, social privilege, and control over property.

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Structural Pervasiveness of Patriarchy

Patriarchal structures exist in various social settings, from families and communities to corporations and governments.

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Intersectionality of Patriarchy

Patriarchy overlaps with other systems of power like capitalism and neoliberalism, reinforcing and being reinforced by them.

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Cultural and Historical Variability of Patriarchy

Although patriarchy exists globally, its specific manifestations can vary across cultures and through history.

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Reasserting Patriarchy in Contemporary Discourse

The article aims to re-emphasize the significance of understanding patriarchy as a powerful system, countering the tendency to overlook its impact.

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Patriarchy as a Framework for Analysis

The article provides a framework for examining gendered power dynamics in various social contexts, aiding scholars and activists.

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Intersectional Approach to Feminist Analysis

The article encourages a multifaceted approach to feminist analysis, recognizing the complex interplay of oppressions.

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Call to Action against Patriarchy

The article calls for continued efforts to dismantle patriarchal structures, highlighting that progress doesn't diminish the need for activism.

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The Prisoner of Gender

This essay analyzes how societal norms restrict women within rigid expectations of femininity.

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Understanding and Challenging Gendered Control Mechanisms

The work highlights how societal norms shape gendered identities and provides a foundation for challenging these control mechanisms.

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Patriarchy is systemic

Patriarchy is not just about individual actions, but about deeply ingrained social systems and norms.

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Men in feminist discourse

Men can play a role in dismantling patriarchy, not just by being passive, but by actively challenging the system.

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Accessibility in feminist theory

Explaining complex ideas like oppression in a way that's easy to understand.

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Actionable feminist theory

Johnson's writing offers realistic ways for individuals to challenge patriarchal norms in everyday life.

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Interdisciplinary relevance

Ideas from Johnson's essay can be applied to various fields like sociology, gender studies, and psychology.

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Call for cultural transformation

Johnson's work emphasizes a cultural shift to challenge the values underlying patriarchy.

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Foucault & Feminism

King's essay examines how Foucault's theories of power relate to feminist views on gender.

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Disciplinary power

Disciplinary power is exercised subtly through everyday practices that shape individuals.

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Docile body

A body that is trained and controlled to serve societal norms.

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Gendering the docile body

King argues that women face specific forms of discipline aimed at enforcing a traditional femininity.

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The female body as a site of discipline

Societal expectations control women's appearance and behavior, making the female body a site of constant self-regulation.

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Tension between resistance and compliance

King explores how women may internalize and resist societal norms simultaneously.

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Bridging Foucauldian theory and feminism

King’s essay bridges Foucauldian theory and feminism, offering a gendered critique of power.

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Critique of beauty standards

King's work challenges the empowering narratives surrounding beauty standards, exposing their controlling nature.

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Study Notes

Patriarchy as a System (Johnson, 1997)

  • Patriarchy is a social system, not just individual attitudes. It structures power, privilege, and authority primarily around men.
  • Individuals participate in the system unconsciously by adhering to societal norms.
  • This system has key features: male dominance in power and authority spheres, prioritizing male-associated traits, and male-centeredness in narratives and institutions.
  • Control and violence are used to maintain patriarchal structures.
  • Individuals often benefit and are harmed simultaneously by the system (e.g., men gain privilege, lose intimacy; women comply for social acceptance, endure oppression).
  • Dismantling patriarchy requires addressing systemic issues, not blaming individuals. This involves collective action, education, and a cultural shift toward equality.

Foucault and the Disciplining of the Female Body (King, 2004)

  • King applies Foucault's theory of disciplinary power to analyze how women's bodies are regulated in patriarchy.
  • Foucault's concept of the 'docile body' explains how subtle practices control individuals. Women's bodies are subjected to disciplinary practices aimed toward conforming to normative femininity.
  • Beauty standards, dieting, and fashion are examples of disciplinary practices aimed at controlling women's bodies.
  • These practices are often framed as empowerment but frequently reinforce patriarchy.
  • Women simultaneously resist and comply with these norms, sometimes viewing compliance as agency.
  • The female body is a "site of discipline," under continuous scrutiny to conform to societal expectations.

Patriarchy (Ortner, 2022)

  • Ortner defines patriarchy as a social system where men hold significant power, influencing leadership, morality, social status, and property control.
  • This system is pervasive in various social constructs, from families to large institutions.
  • Patriarchy is interconnected with other forms of power, such as capitalism and neoliberalism, influencing and reinforcing each other.
  • While recognizable across different cultures and histories, manifestations of patriarchy can vary.
  • The article emphasizes that patriarchy needs constant attention and dismantling.

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