Patología del EKG

EKG Pathology

An electrocardiogram (EKG) is a diagnostic tool that measures the electrical activity of the heart. The EKG trace is used to identify abnormalities in the heart's electrical conduction system, which can be indicative of various cardiac conditions. This article will discuss the different aspects of EKG pathology, focusing on aberrant ventricular conduction, amplitude of the QRS complex, and R-wave peak time.

Aberrant Ventricular Conduction (Aberrancy)

Aberrant conduction, also known as aberrancy, is a type of ventricular arrhythmia that occurs when the heart's electrical conduction system fails to adapt to high heart rates. This can result in a bundle branch block, which is a delay or blockage in the conduction of electrical impulses within the heart. Aberrancy can cause a wide range of rhythm disturbances, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Aberrancy can be difficult to detect on a standard EKG, but special testing methods such as exercise testing or programmed electrical stimulation can help identify this condition.

Amplitude of the QRS Complex

The QRS complex in an EKG waveform represents ventricular depolarization. The amplitude of the QRS complex can be an indicator of ventricular hypertrophy or enlargement. Larger QRS complex amplitudes may be due to an increase in ventricular muscle mass, which can be seen in conditions such as hypertension or aortic stenosis. Conversely, low QRS amplitudes may be seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or hypothyroidism. In the setting of circulatory collapse, low QRS amplitudes should raise suspicion of cardiac tamponade.

R-Wave Peak Time

The R-wave peak time is the time from the start of the QRS complex to the peak of the R wave in the EKG waveform. A normal R-wave peak time is typically less than 0.12 seconds. Prolonged R-wave peak times can indicate delayed ventricular depolarization, which can be seen in conditions such as right or left ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial ischemia. In the case of left ventricular hypertrophy, the R-wave peak time in the lateral leads (I, aVL, aVR, V5, V6) may be prolonged, while in the case of right ventricular hypertrophy, the R-wave peak time in the inferior leads (II, III, aVF) may be prolonged.

In conclusion, EKG pathology encompasses a wide range of abnormalities in the heart's electrical conduction system. Aberrant ventricular conduction, amplitude of the QRS complex, and R-wave peak time are just a few of the factors that can help diagnose and monitor various cardiac conditions. Understanding these aspects of EKG pathology is crucial for the accurate interpretation of EKGs and the effective management of cardiac patients.