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Patient Safety Goals Overview

Patient Safety Goals Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does R.A.C.E stand for when responding to a fire?

Respond, Activate Alarm, Confine Fire, Eliminate
Rescue, Alert Others, Contain Fire, Evacuate
Rescue, Activate Alarm, Contain Fire, Extinguish (correct)
Recognize, Alert Authorities, Contain Fire, Extinguish

What is the purpose of using a gait belt?

To provide a secure grip and support when assisting a client with ambulation or transfers.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the SBARR technique for client handoff?

Response (correct)
Recommendations
Readback
Background
Assessment
Situation
Identification

What is the difference between a 'near miss' and a 'patient safety event'?

<p>A near miss is a potential error or event that could have caused harm to the patient but was avoided. A patient safety event is an event that occurred without injury to the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk for falls in infants and toddlers?

<p>Leaving unattended on high surfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk for falls in adults?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The use of a cane requires more strength and coordination than using a walker.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a psychological effect of immobility?

<p>Increased dependence on others (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'reverse Trendelenburg' position is when the head of the bed is lower than the foot of the bed.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two ways that the nurse can help prevent foot drop in an immobile client?

<p>The nurse can help prevent foot drop by applying splints as prescribed to support and stretch the foot, and by assisting with ambulation to decrease the risk of falls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Near Miss

A potential error that could have caused harm to the patient but was avoided.

Patient Safety Event

An event that occurred without injury to the patient.

Sentinel Event

An adverse event that caused severe physical or psychological harm to the patient.

Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)

Pathogens enter the bloodstream via a central line, which accesses a large vein in the body and can remain for long periods of time.

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Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)

Pathogens enter the urinary system via a catheter.

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Surgical-site infection (SSI)

Infection that occurs in the part of the body where surgery occurred.

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

Pneumonia that develops while on a ventilator.

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TJC Universal Protocol: Prevention of Adverse Events in Surgery

A time-out (pause in activities within the procedure room) occurs before each surgery to confirm the correct client, site, and procedure.

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Orthostatic Hypotension

A decrease in systolic BP of 20 mm Hg or more OR A decrease in diastolic BP of 10 mm Hg or more within 3 minutes of changing to a sitting or standing position.

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Pressure Injury

A localized damage or necrosis of the skin and underlying tissue due to pressure or friction trauma.

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Joint Contractures

A condition where a joint loses its normal range of motion due to structural changes in the surrounding muscles and connective tissues.

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Body Mechanics

The combined effort of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems to maintain posture, alignment, and balance.

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Immobility

The inability to move freely and independently at will.

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Disuse Osteoporosis

Bones have become weaker and thinner due to prolonged bed rest.

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Atrophy

When muscles are not used, they become smaller and weaken.

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Sarcopenia

The loss of muscle mass due to age or immobility.

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Foot Drop

A type of joint contracture that results in the inability to pull the toes up (dorsiflexion) due to nerve entrapment and shortening of the calf muscles and Achilles tendon in the lower leg.

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Disaster

A mass casualty or interfacility event that overwhelms the normal flow of a hospital.

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ISBARR

A handoff report to convey relevant client information to other medical professionals.

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Prone

Lying on abdomen with the head turned to one side; hips are unflexed.

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Supine or Dorsal Recumbent

Lying flat on the back, possibly with knees bent.

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Lateral

Side-lying; the hips and knees are flexed with a pillow separating the knees/legs.

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Fowler

Semi-seated or reclined position; head of the bed elevated 45 degrees; knees may be flexed.

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Lateral Semi-Prone Recumbent

Placed between the prone and lateral positions, with the top leg flexed up toward the chest and supported with a pillow; the bottom arm is placed to the side of the torso, not underneath.

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Trendelenburg

Lying flat on the back, with the foot of the bed above the head of the bed.

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Passive Range of Motion

The movement of a joint by another individual without the client’s assistance.

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Active Range of Motion

The voluntary movement of a joint by the client without any type of assistance.

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Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale

A subjective scale enabling clients to gauge their level of exertion during activity.

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Activity Intolerance

Physical inactivity that leads to a loss of the ability to perform tasks.

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Mobility Assessment

A bedside mobility assessment tool (BMAT) can be used to determine mobility level. The assessment helps determine the level of assistance needed for transfers and ambulation.

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Study Notes

Patient Safety Goals

The Joint Commission (TJC) establishes National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) annually.
NPSGs cover various aspects of patient safety, including identifying patients correctly, improving staff communication, using medications safely, using alarms safely, preventing hospital-acquired infections, reducing suicide risk, and preventing adverse events in surgery.
Identifying patients correctly involves using two identifiers, such as name and date of birth or hospital number.
Improving staff communication focuses on promptly reporting critical results outside normal ranges, potentially life-threatening.
Safely using medications involves accurately labeling medications and reconciling medication lists with newly ordered drugs, checking for drug interactions.
Safely using alarms involves appropriate use of clinical alarm systems.
Preventing hospital-acquired infections entails practicing hand hygiene and preventing central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), surgical-site infections (SSIs), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
Reducing suicide risk involves maintaining suicide prevention methods for at-risk patients.
Preventing adverse events in surgery involves a surgical time-out, using two client identifiers, marking surgical sites, and performing a time-out in the procedure room.

Infants and preschoolers are at risk for burns, accidental poisoning, choking, and drowning, requiring close supervision and appropriate safety measures.
Care for school-age children should prioritize safe practices for sports, water activities, car safety, and firearm safety.
Adolescents face risks regarding water, fire, sports, firearms, and vehicles, and are vulnerable to bullying, violence, and risky behaviors such as substance abuse and unprotected sex.
Adults (19+) should consider lifestyle factors like alcohol use, smoking, workplace safety, and leisure activities related to safety.
Age-related considerations for older adults involve chronic illnesses, reduced physical activity, impaired mobility, cognitive and sensory deficits, increasing the risk of falls.
HACs (Hospital-Acquired Conditions) include SSIs, CAUTIs, CLABSIs, and VAP.

Safety Considerations

Near Miss = Potential error/event that could harm a patient but was avoided.
Sentinel Event = Adverse event causing severe physical or psychological patient harm.
All client safety events/concerns must be reported immediately to the nurse leader to facilitate process improvement.

Fire Safety

Fire response protocol (RACE): Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish.
Use fire extinguishers using P.A.S.S.: Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.

Disaster Preparedness

ISBARR technique used to relay patient information effectively- using Identification, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Readback

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