Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the first step in the Patient Client Management model?
Which of the following is the first step in the Patient Client Management model?
- Intervention
- Examination (correct)
- Evaluation
- Outcome
What is the role of evaluation in the Patient Client Management model?
What is the role of evaluation in the Patient Client Management model?
- Perform the intervention phase
- Outline the treatment plan
- Determine appropriate onset of treatment
- Decide whether to continue care or refer out (correct)
Which component of the SOAP Note framework involves subjective symptoms and statements by the patient?
Which component of the SOAP Note framework involves subjective symptoms and statements by the patient?
- Subjective (correct)
- Objective
- Assessment
- Plan
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the significance of the SOAP Note framework?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the significance of the SOAP Note framework?
In which SOAP Note section would clinical findings and levels of assistance be presented?
In which SOAP Note section would clinical findings and levels of assistance be presented?
Which statement best describes the purpose of the Plan section in a SOAP Note?
Which statement best describes the purpose of the Plan section in a SOAP Note?
What are the four components of the SOAP Note framework?
What are the four components of the SOAP Note framework?
Which aspect of the Patient Client Management model is concerned with sharing information about the management plan?
Which aspect of the Patient Client Management model is concerned with sharing information about the management plan?
What distinguishes red flags from yellow flags in patient screening?
What distinguishes red flags from yellow flags in patient screening?
What is the primary purpose of the ECHOWS format during a patient interview?
What is the primary purpose of the ECHOWS format during a patient interview?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a personal factor in patient assessment?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered a personal factor in patient assessment?
During the wrap-up phase, which of these actions is NOT typically conducted?
During the wrap-up phase, which of these actions is NOT typically conducted?
Which skill is NOT considered essential for effective communication during an initial patient interview?
Which skill is NOT considered essential for effective communication during an initial patient interview?
In the context of a patient's chief concern, which element should be avoided?
In the context of a patient's chief concern, which element should be avoided?
In the context of patient goals and expectations, which input is essential?
In the context of patient goals and expectations, which input is essential?
What type of pain is associated with cramping, dull, or aching sensations?
What type of pain is associated with cramping, dull, or aching sensations?
Which component should be included in the health history section of the ECHOWS format?
Which component should be included in the health history section of the ECHOWS format?
What is a key characteristic of active listening in patient interviews?
What is a key characteristic of active listening in patient interviews?
Which of the following is a crucial technique to employ during a patient interview?
Which of the following is a crucial technique to employ during a patient interview?
Which of the following factors is most important when establishing rapport with a patient?
Which of the following factors is most important when establishing rapport with a patient?
When determining irritability level in a patient, which factor should be considered?
When determining irritability level in a patient, which factor should be considered?
What indicates the next steps needed during a transition phase?
What indicates the next steps needed during a transition phase?
Which element of the health history is related to understanding the patient's medical background?
Which element of the health history is related to understanding the patient's medical background?
What should be the first step in the initial patient interview according to ECHOWS?
What should be the first step in the initial patient interview according to ECHOWS?
What is the purpose of the Berg balance scale in the context of a functional assessment?
What is the purpose of the Berg balance scale in the context of a functional assessment?
Which of the following tests is specifically used for assessing locomotion mobility?
Which of the following tests is specifically used for assessing locomotion mobility?
What does the term 'DTR' refer to in reflex testing?
What does the term 'DTR' refer to in reflex testing?
Which of the following is NOT a component assessed in the integumentary system during a systems review?
Which of the following is NOT a component assessed in the integumentary system during a systems review?
Which of the following describes a key characteristic of cognition in the systems review process?
Which of the following describes a key characteristic of cognition in the systems review process?
What is the primary focus of infection control measures in a healthcare setting?
What is the primary focus of infection control measures in a healthcare setting?
What evaluation is associated with assessing muscle performance in a neuromuscular systems review?
What evaluation is associated with assessing muscle performance in a neuromuscular systems review?
Which of the following elements is NOT explicitly part of being oriented?
Which of the following elements is NOT explicitly part of being oriented?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended component of standard isolation precautions?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended component of standard isolation precautions?
Which type of PPE is required for droplet precautions?
Which type of PPE is required for droplet precautions?
What is the normal range for white blood cells (WBC) as per the provided lab values?
What is the normal range for white blood cells (WBC) as per the provided lab values?
What action is specifically required under airborne precautions?
What action is specifically required under airborne precautions?
Which personal protective equipment is essential for contact precautions?
Which personal protective equipment is essential for contact precautions?
What is considered an abnormal platelet count?
What is considered an abnormal platelet count?
Which of the following pairs a lab value with its correct normal range?
Which of the following pairs a lab value with its correct normal range?
What is a key practice in respiratory hygiene?
What is a key practice in respiratory hygiene?
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Study Notes
Patient Client Management Model
- Contains 5 steps: examination, evaluation, prognosis/diagnosis, intervention, and outcome.
- Guides decision-making in physical therapy by developing a plan of care, retaining accountability, defining boundaries for service delivery, and sharing information with other providers.
SOAP Note Framework
- Contains 4 components: subjective, objective, assessment, and plan.
- Serves as a communication tool for healthcare providers to ensure continuity of care and treatment planning.
- Also supports legal and ethical considerations.
SOAP Note Sections
- Subjective: includes patient history, chief complaint, subjective symptoms, and statements from the patient, caregiver, or other healthcare providers.
- Objective: includes observations, tests and measures, clinical findings, levels of assistance, interventions performed and patient response.
- Assessment: summarizes clinical reasoning, opinion based on diagnosis, prognosis, treatment rationale, and clinical impressions. It justifies decisions and values the "why" and the ICF model.
- Plan: outlines the plan of care, including interventions, goals, therapy duration/frequency, and coordination. It also emphasizes future actions, follow-up visits, and communication between the PT and PTA.
Effective Communication in Patient Interviews
- Key components include active listening, empathy, nonverbal communication, and building rapport.
- Uses open-ended questions, active listening, and empathy to gather information.
- ECHOWS: establishes rapport, explores chief concern, investigates health history, wraps up the interview, and summarizes performance.
Red and Yellow Flags in Screening
- Red flags: must stop treatment and require immediate attention.
- Yellow flags: should be treated with caution, require further screening, and are warning symptoms.
Pain Descriptors and Structures
- Cramping, dull, aching: muscle-related
- Sharp, shooting: nerve root-related
- Sharp, bright, lightning-like: nerve-related
- Burning, pressure-like, stinging, aching: sympathetic nerve-related
- Deep, nagging, dull: bone-related
- Sharp, severe, intolerable: fracture-related
- Throbbing, diffuse: vasculature-related
Neuromuscular Systems Review
- Includes functional gait assessment, balance assessment, locomotion mobility assessment, muscle performance assessment, sensation screening, reflex testing, gross AROM, and gross strength.
- Key features in the integumentary system: skin coloration, palpation of texture, firmness, elasticity, and temperature.
Alert and Oriented
- Alert: demonstrates communication, patient demeanor, and affect/mood.
- Oriented: includes understanding of person, place, time, and situation.
Communication, Cognition, and Orientation
- Communication: develops throughout the interview and establishes the patient's orientation and cognition.
- Cognition: involves mental processes of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and senses.
- Orientation: refers to the patient's understanding of who they are, where they are, what time it is, and why they are there.
Infection Control Principles and Practices
- Aims to minimize contamination to prevent or control the spread of infection.
- Includes hand hygiene, disinfecting surfaces, and controlling contact.
- Healthcare-associated infection (HAI): infections acquired in any healthcare setting.
- Nonsocomial infections: infections acquired in a hospital.
Universal Isolation Precautions
- Hand hygiene: includes soap and water or hand sanitizer.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): involves gloves and gowns.
- Respiratory hygiene: emphasizes proper cough etiquette.
- Isolation precautions:
- Standard precautions: clean hands, clean equipment, cough etiquette, PPE when in contact with body fluids.
- Contact precautions: clean hands, gown, gloves.
- Droplet precautions: clean hands, mask, face shield or goggles.
- Airborne precautions: keep door shut, N-95 respirator mask.
- Novel respiratory precautions: clean hands, gown, gloves, N-95 mask or PAPR.
Lab Values within Normal Parameters
- White blood cell count (WBC): 5,000-10,000 (Abnormal: >30,000)
- Red blood cell count (RBC): Male: 4.7-6.1, Female: 4.2-5.4
- Hemoglobin: Male: 14-18, Female: 12-16 (Abnormal: >20)
- Hematocrit: Male: 42-52%, Female: 37-47% (Abnormal: >60%)
- Platelets: 150,000-400,000 (Abnormal: >1 million)
- Sodium: 136-145 (Abnormal: >160)
- Potassium: 3.5-5.0 (Abnormal: >6.5)
- Calcium: 9-10.5 (Abnormal: >13)
- Glucose: 74-106 (Abnormal: >400)
- Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT): 30-40 seconds (Abnormal: >70 seconds)
- International Normalized Ratio (INR): 0.8-1.1 (Abnormal: >5.5)
- Prothrombin Time (PT): 11.0-12.5 seconds (Abnormal: >20 seconds)
- D-dimer: <250ng/mL (Abnormal: >500 ng/mL)
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