41 Questions
What is the fundamental principle underlying good medical practice?
Shared decision making and consent
Why is the exchange of information between doctor and patient essential to good decision making?
To support patients in making informed decisions
What can result from not giving patients the information they need to make informed decisions about their care?
Serious harm to patients
In what situation should a doctor provide time and support to a patient to understand the information about their care?
So they can make informed decisions about their care
What is a fundamental legal and ethical principle related to consent?
Patients have the right to refuse treatment
What does the guidance provide advice on?
What to tell a patient when talking about risks
According to the guidance, what is the first principle of decision making and consent?
Patients must be involved in decisions about their treatment and care
What should doctors do when a patient lacks capacity to make a decision about treatment or care?
Consult with those who are close to the patient or advocating for them
How does the guidance define the term 'should'?
'Should' refers to duties or principles that may not apply to the doctor or the situation they're currently in
What is expected of doctors regarding keeping up with the law and relevant regulations?
Doctors are expected to keep up to date with the law and follow relevant regulations
According to the guidance, how should doctors start when making decisions about a patient's treatment and care?
Doctors should start from the presumption that all adult patients have capacity
What is the key purpose of the guidance provided to doctors?
To support doctors in acting within the law and keeping up with regulations
What should healthcare professionals do if they are uncertain about the diagnosis or clinical effect of a treatment?
Explain the uncertainty to the patient
What should healthcare professionals consider when using visual or explanatory aids to support patients in understanding their personalized risk?
Take into account the individual clinical and personal circumstances of the patient
What must healthcare professionals do if a patient wishes to have someone else involved in discussions and decision-making?
Respect the patient's wishes and involve the requested person
When should healthcare professionals share relevant information with patients to help them understand and retain it?
At a time and place when they are most likely to understand and retain it
What should healthcare professionals anticipate when sharing relevant information with patients?
The patient finding it distressing, but still share the information as planned
What should healthcare professionals do to ensure that patients with additional needs have enough time and support to understand relevant information and make a decision?
Make reasonable adjustments so that patients have enough time and support
What should a healthcare professional do if they decide to delay sharing information necessary for making a decision with a patient?
Make arrangements to share the information as soon as it's appropriate
In what circumstances might a healthcare professional withhold information from a patient?
If sharing the information would cause the patient serious harm
What should healthcare professionals try to find out about patients' health according to the text?
Their wishes and fears about their health
How should healthcare professionals discuss benefits and harms with patients?
By tailoring the discussion to each individual patient based on what matters to them
What must healthcare professionals seek to explore in patients' decision making according to the text?
Their needs, values, and priorities that influence their decision making
When should healthcare professionals make a record of the information they still need to share with a patient?
When they delay sharing information necessary for making a decision with the patient
What is the purpose of the dialogue between doctor and patient?
To ensure the patient understands their role in the decision-making process
When obtaining a patient's consent for healthcare decisions, what approach can be taken?
Recording verbal consent in the patient's notes after ensuring they had the opportunity to consider relevant information
What information must be shared with patients to help them make a decision?
Diagnosis and prognosis, uncertainties about them, options for further investigation, options for treating or managing the condition, potential benefits, risks of harm, and uncertainties about and likelihood of success for each option
In what circumstances can a doctor rely on a patient's non-verbal consent?
For quick, minimally or non-invasive interventions such as examinations
What should doctors be aware of when recommending an option for treatment or care to a patient?
Their own preferences might influence the advice they give and the language they use
What should doctors not assume when exchanging information with patients about treatment options?
The severity of the patient's condition
In what circumstances should you discuss a risk of serious harm with a patient?
When the patient's capacity or insight may be impaired by their condition or the effects of an intervention
What should you anticipate and discuss with patients in advance if practical?
The patient's preferences about future options for care
What should be discussed at regular intervals as treatment or care progresses?
The options available in case they have changed their mind
What should you encourage patients with a progressive condition to think about?
What they might want to happen if they become unable to make healthcare decisions
What should patients be informed about regarding formalizing their wishes?
Ways to formalize their wishes and seeking support and independent advice about it
What must be recorded after discussing with the patient about their future care?
A summary of the patient's wishes and fears
What might make it difficult for some patients to make decisions?
Their capacity or insight being impaired by their condition or the effects of an intervention
Why should you discuss circumstances with patients in advance if practical?
To avoid any distress caused by discussing potential serious harm for the first time in a time-pressured situation
What should patients think about if they have a condition likely to impair their capacity as it progresses?
What they might want to happen if they become unable to make healthcare decisions
What is important to remember when discussing options with patients in advance?
Even if there's a care plan in place, you should still talk to them about the options available in case they have changed their mind
What is important when encouraging patients with a progressive condition to think about their future healthcare decisions?
Sensitively encouraging them to think about what they might want to happen if they become unable to make healthcare decisions
Test your knowledge about the factors that patients might consider significant when making decisions about their healthcare. Explore examples of relevant information that should be shared with patients to help them make informed choices.
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