Questions and Answers
What is the first major step in patient assessment?
What does BSI stand for?
Body Substance Isolation
What are the eight sub-steps of the second major step in patient assessment?
Overall view, stabilize C spine, patient status, level of consciousness, airway, breathing, circulation, transport decision.
What does AAMBIRPC stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the acronym SAMPLE stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
The purpose of a Rapid Physical Exam is to cover a patient with warm blankets.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following are components of the RPE?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three separate assessments made in circulation?
Signup and view all the answers
The levels of patient response to assessment are A-, V-, P-, U-
Signup and view all the answers
Match the terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
Jaundice is characterized by a bluish tint on the fingers.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following are signs of airway obstruction?
Signup and view all the answers
What does PPV stand for?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Scene Size Up
- First major step in patient assessment.
- Key components: Body Substance Isolation (BSI), determine scene safety, number of patients, medical vs. trauma, additional resources needed.
Primary Assessment
- Second major step with eight sub-steps.
- Includes general view, stabilization of C Spine, assessment of patient status, level of consciousness (LOC), airway, breathing, circulation, and transport decision.
General Impression
- Utilizes the acronym AAMBIRPC for assessment components.
AAMBIRPC Components
- A: Age, sex, race
- A: Audible breath sounds
- M: Mechanism of Injury (MOI) or Nature of Illness (NOI)
- B: Body fluids present
- I: Imminent life threats
- R: Responsiveness
- P: Patient's position
- C: Skin color
Levels of Patient Response
- Four levels: A (alert), V (verbal), P (pain), U (unresponsive).
Circulation Assessment
- Three assessments: pulse, body fluids (hemorrhage), and perfusion.
Trauma Assessment Steps
- Significant trauma patients: Rapid Trauma Assessment (RPE), baseline vitals, SAMPLE history.
- Not significant trauma and unresponsive medical patients: Focused physical exam, vitals, SAMPLE history.
Medical Patients Assessment
- Responsive medical patients: SAMPLE and OPQRSTI history, focused physical exam, baseline vitals.
Rapid Physical Exam (RPE) Purpose
- To expose the patient and identify life-threatening injuries.
Techniques for RPE
- Techniques include IPA (Inspect, Palpate, Auscultation) and DCAP-BTLS (Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Penetrations & Punctures, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swellings).
Components of RPE
- Examines head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities, and back.
- RPE head considerations: blood/CSF leaks, airway burns, deformities, pupil response.
- Neck components: jugular vein distension, stoma, tracheal alignment, medical alert tag.
- Chest components: equal chest rise and paradoxical motion.
- Abdomen components: assessed using GBREAD (Guarding, Bruising, Rigidity, Evisceration, Aortic Aneurism, Distention).
Extremities and Back Assessment
- Extremity assessment includes PMS: Pulse, Motor function, Sensation.
- Back assessment focuses on identifying holes and readiness for backboarding.
Reassessment
- Fourth major step involves re-evaluating primary assessment, vital signs, focused assessment, interventions, and establishing priorities.
MOI and NOI Definitions
- MOI: Mechanism of injury specific to trauma patients.
- NOI: Nature of illness specific to medical patients.
History of Present Illness (HPI)
- Relates to OPQRSTI components.
Gathering Patient History
- Essential for determining medical complaints, including allergies, medications, and past medical history (PMH).
Symptoms vs. Signs
- Symptoms: Subjective experiences not observable (e.g., nausea).
- Signs: Objective findings observable by others (e.g., vomiting).
Scene Control
- Effective scene control requires competence, confidence, and compassion.
Types of Questions in History Taking
- Open-ended questions: Encourage descriptive responses.
- Closed-ended questions: Elicit yes/no answers.
SAMPLE and OPQRSTI Acronyms
- SAMPLE: Signs, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading to illness/injury.
- OPQRSTI: Onset, Proactive/palliative factors, Quality, Region/radiation, Severity, Time, Interventions attempted.
Pertinent Negatives
- Identifies symptoms not present that influence the differential diagnosis.
Vital Signs Assessment (PRBABESS)
- Includes Pulse, Respiration, Breath Sounds, AVPU (Level of Consciousness), Blood Pressure, Pupillary response, Skin perfusion, Pulse Oximetry.
Signs of Airway Obstruction
- Indicators include no breathing, snoring, gurgling, and stridor.
Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)
- Administered when the patient is not breathing by opening the airway and providing PPV with O2.
Respiratory Rates
- Bradypnea: slow breathing rate.
- Tachypnea: fast breathing rate.
Skin and Appearance Indicators
- Cyanosis: bluish tint, often in fingers.
- Jaundice: yellow tint in eyes.
- Turgor: measures skin elasticity.
Blood Pressure Basics
- Systolic (top number): safe if 90 or higher.
- Diastolic (bottom number): measures pressure when heart is at rest.
Pulse Oximetry
- Measures oxygen saturation in peripheral blood.
- Normal range: 95% or greater; below 89% indicates moderate to severe hypoxia.
Blood Glucose and Temperature
- Normal blood glucose range: 80 mg/dL - 120 mg/dL.
- Core temperature can be measured using oral, rectal, or tympanic methods.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers essential concepts for patient assessment in EMT practices, focusing on the major steps involved in scene size-up and primary assessment. Ideal for students preparing for their EMT exams, the flashcards include critical definitions and sub-steps necessary for effective patient evaluation.
