Patient Assessment and Prevention Strategies

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of objective data in health assessment?

Physical assessment findings that can be observed (correct)

Reported symptoms by the patient

Patient's unique experiences and feelings

Data that is inferred from patient stories

Which of the following is an example of subjective data?

Blood pressure reading of 120/80 mmHg

Patient's weight recorded as 160 lbs

A patient states they feel dizzy and fatigued (correct)

A nurse notes a rash on the patient's skin

What is considered primary prevention in healthcare?

Health education on nutrition and exercise (correct)

Rehabilitating an injury

Treating an existing condition

Screening for diseases

What type of assessment is primarily used to evaluate a specific area of concern?

Focused assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended preventative intervention?

Breast cancer screening Signup and view all the answers

Which of these assessment techniques involves listening to internal body sounds?

Auscultation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'preventative interventions' refer to?

Strategies to avoid disease and maintain health Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT classify as an assessment component?

Unrelated patient family background Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bone formation and destruction as a person reaches 35 years of age?

Bone destruction increases while formation decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is a common change associated with aging in joint tissues?

Decreased elasticity and compressibility of synovial cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements is NOT included when assessing shoulder ROM?

Dorsiflexion Signup and view all the answers

How can elbow strength be assessed according to the changes associated with aging?

By applying resistance to the forearm Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of osteopenia?

Decreased bone density Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a kyphotic posture?

An exaggerated outward curve of the upper back Signup and view all the answers

Which movement is NOT part of evaluating elbow range of motion?

Elevation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to muscle tissue as a person ages?

Muscle tissue shows signs of atrophy Signup and view all the answers

How often should individuals aged 20 and above have their lipids assessed?

Every 5 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a focused assessment?

Addressing the chief complaint or affected area Signup and view all the answers

Which age group should begin receiving mammograms every 2 years?

50-74 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a preventative intervention mentioned in the content?

Detailed health history assessments Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding clinical breast exams and self-exams?

They incur increased costs without clear benefits. Signup and view all the answers

When should a detailed physical examination be considered?

When initial assessments reveal abnormal findings Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended prostate cancer screening age?

50 years and older Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to assess lipids in the blood?

To indicate risk of heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a common finding in an individual with extreme dehydration?

Dark yellow urine Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is indicative of urinary retention?

Distended abdomen Signup and view all the answers

Why should circumcision be avoided if hypospadias is found at birth?

It makes surgery more complicated later. Signup and view all the answers

What outcome can occur from receiving too much IV fluids?

Urine becomes clear Signup and view all the answers

During the corneal light reflex test, what is an expected finding?

Reflected dot of light should be in the same position on each eye. Signup and view all the answers

What does a cover/uncover test assess?

Ocular deviation Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected finding when assessing for strabismus?

Both eyes focusing on the same object Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT indicate dehydration?

Clear urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected skin appearance during an inspection assessment?

Pink and warm Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment technique involves asking the patient to hold their breath?

Auscultation Signup and view all the answers

In grading peripheral pulses, what does a +1 signify?

Diminished, weaker than expected Signup and view all the answers

Which technique should be used to palpate lymph nodes during a lower lymphatics assessment?

Gentle circular motion of fingertips Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when assessing the carotid arteries?

Palpate one side at a time Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by visible, dilated, and tortuous veins?

Varicose veins Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding Homan's sign?

It may indicate deep vein thrombosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which grading of peripheral pulse indicates that it disappears after 2-5 minutes?

+4 Signup and view all the answers

What does a brisk, expected peripheral pulse grade represent?

Normal pulse strength Signup and view all the answers

In the context of edema, which assessment technique is appropriate?

Palpation for tenderness Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Components of Patient Assessment

Objective data is observed, such as physical assessment findings.
Subjective data is the patient's point of view, such as chief complaints and symptoms that can't be directly observed.

Three Levels of Prevention

Primary prevention focuses on health promotion and decreasing the risk of disease exposure. Examples include immunizations, child car seats, nutrition, and exercise.
Secondary prevention focuses on early disease detection and treatment to stop progression. An example would be a focused assessment to identify potential issues in a system.
Tertiary prevention focuses on managing long-term health conditions to prevent complications.

Recommended Tests

Physical exams involve a comprehensive assessment of the body.
Dental exams help monitor oral health and identify potential issues.
Blood pressure screenings are crucial to detect and manage hypertension.
Serum cholesterol tests assess cardiovascular risks.
Blood glucose screenings help monitor blood sugar levels and identify diabetes risk.
Vision exams evaluate eye health and vision clarity.

Types of Assessment

Basic assessment focuses on overall health and well-being.
System-based assessment concentrates on a specific body system.
Focused assessment addresses a specific complaint or area of concern.
Comprehensive assessment involves a detailed evaluation of the entire body and health history.

Preventative Interventions

Breast cancer screening includes mammograms recommended every 2 years for women aged 50-74, with optional personal preference between 40-49. Clinical breast exams and self-exams are not evidence-based.
Prostate cancer screening might involve a digital rectal exam (DRE).

Changes Associated with Aging

Around age 35, bone formation and destruction become unequal, increasing reabsorption/destruction and decreasing formation.
Decreased bone mass and increased risk of injury are common.
Osteopenia develops, characterized by decreased bone density.
Increased bone prominence is visible.
Kyphotic posture can emerge.
Synovial joint cartilage loses elasticity and compressibility.
Muscle tissue atrophies.
Decreased range of motion (ROM) becomes evident.
Movement slows down.

Dehydration

Early signs include dark yellow urine.
Extreme dehydration shows amber to brown urine.
Mucous membranes become dull and dry, losing their shiny, moist appearance.
Hardened stool and constipation can occur.

Urinary Retention

A distended abdomen and abdominal pain are indicative.
Reduced or complete lack of urination (micturition) is present.

Receiving IV Fluids

Excessive fluids or boluses can cause clear urine.

Eyes, Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Corneal light reflex: Examining for a reflected dot of light in the same position on each eye is expected.
Peripheral vision: Assessing using a hand or object from behind, covering and uncovering each eye. The expected finding is equal strength in both eyes.

Assessment Techniques

Inspection involves observing a patient's appearance, posture, and body movement.
Palpation uses touch to assess temperature, texture, size, and consistency of different areas.
Percussion involves tapping on body surfaces to assess underlying structures, such as the lungs.
Auscultation involves listening to body sounds using a stethoscope.

Peripheral Pulses

Assess carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial pulses.
Evaluate rate (beats per minute), rhythm (irregular or regular), and strength (absent, diminished, brisk, increased, full volume).
Strength is graded on a scale of 0-4.

Standing Assessment

Assess venous system with the patient standing.
Examine for visible, dilated veins and varicose veins.

Carotid Arteries

Palpate one carotid artery at a time.
Assess for bruits (whooshing sounds) using the bell side of the stethoscope while the patient holds their breath.

Edema

Inspect for swelling, assess for pitting edema, and grade the severity.
Grade 1 = 2mm, disappears immediately
Grade 2 = 4mm, disappears within 10-15 seconds
Grade 3 = 6mm, lingers for 1 minute
Grade 4 = 8mm or more, remains for 2-5 minutes

Lower Lymphatics

Palpate lymph nodes in a routine order: epitrochlear, axillary, and inguinal.

Allen's Test

Evaluates the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries.
Modified Allen's test involves using a Doppler device to assess blood flow.

Homan's Sign

Evaluates for deep vein thrombosis by extending and dorsiflexing the patient's foot.

Arteriovenous Fistula

Inspect for signs of an AV fistula.

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Varicose veins cause pain, swelling, fatigue, and cramping.
Note any visible, dilated, or tortuous veins, as these may be signs of DVT.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in patient assessment, including the distinction between objective and subjective data. It also discusses the three levels of prevention in healthcare: primary, secondary, and tertiary, along with recommended tests for maintaining health. Prepare to enhance your understanding of patient care approaches.