Pathophysiology of the Integumentary System: Dr. Elina Psara
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of carotene in the epidermis?

  • Enhancing light touch sensation
  • Providing protection against UV radiation (correct)
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Aiding in oxygen transport

    • In which population group is melanin most dominant?

  • Dark-skinned humans (correct)
  • Elderly individuals
  • Light-skinned humans
  • Children under the age of 5

    • Which region of the body has the highest concentration of melanin?

  • Cheeks (correct)
  • Elbows
  • Back of the hand
  • Earlobes

    • What is the primary function of haemoglobin when bound to oxygen?

    <p>Transporting oxygen in the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of the sweat glands?

    <p>Producing perspiration for evaporative cooling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue primarily makes up the dermis?

    <p>Strong, fibrous collagen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are melanocytes found in the skin?

    <p>Stratum basale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sebaceous glands?

    <p>Secretes lipid coating that lubricates hair shaft and epidermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin appendage serves as a protective agent against bacteria and lubricates the hair shaft?

    <p>Sebaceous glands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sweat gland type is primarily functional in early life and secretes mostly water and NaCl?

    <p>Eccrine glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for protecting the skin against abrasion and penetration?

    <p>Stratum corneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Merkel cells predominantly found in the body?

    <p>Fingertips (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of arrector pili muscles?

    <p>Insulating the body in cold conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Langerhan’s cells?

    <p>Help activate the adaptive immune system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of secretion for eccrine sweat glands?

    <p>Secretion onto skin surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skin structure is made of hard keratin and grows from the nail matrix?

    <p>Nails (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis is visible only in thick skin?

    <p>Stratum lucidum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dandruff on the scalp?

    <p>Excessive shedding of cells from the outer layer of skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the severity, morbidity, and mortality of burn injuries?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does swimming in fresh water for an extended period cause epidermal swelling?

    <p>The hypotonic (freshwater) environment causes skin cells to swell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a prolonged hypotension, infection, or edema lead to in the zone of stasis in burn injuries?

    <p>Necrosis occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do paper cuts hurt so bad but do not bleed?

    <p>The paper cuts damage nerve endings but not blood vessels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A splinter that penetrates to the 3rd layer of the epidermis of the palm is lodged in which layer?

    <p>Stratum spinosum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some criminals sand or cut skin off the tips of their fingers so as not to leave recognizable fingerprints. Would this practice permanently remove fingerprints? Why or why not.

    <p>No, because fingerprints are determined by underlying dermal ridges, not just the epidermal layer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thickness range of the skin (integument)?

    <p>0.5-3.0mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the growth rate of nails?

    <p>0.1 mm/d (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average life span of scalp hair?

    <p>4 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component comprises 12-15% of body weight?

    <p>Skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

    <p>Protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the skin protect from mechanical and chemical damage?

    <p>Barrier of tough, keratinized cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do pain receptors in the skin warn the body about?

    <p>Possible damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What absorbs UV light and prevents it from reaching deeper layers?

    <p>Melanin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the skin helps cool down through sweating?

    <p>Evaporative cooling (sweating) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the skin helps warm up through increased blood flow?

    <p>Increased blood flow through skin (increases heat loss) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Langerhan’s cells?

    <p>Sensory perception of light touch on the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Merkel cells predominantly found in the body?

    <p>Around hair follicles in the dermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What absorbs UV light and prevents it from reaching deeper layers?

    <p>Melanin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component comprises 12-15% of body weight?

    <p>Adipose tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average life span of scalp hair?

    <p>5-7 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do paper cuts hurt so bad but do not bleed?

    <p>Paper cuts activate pain receptors but do not penetrate blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some criminals sand or cut skin off the tips of their fingers so as not to leave recognizable fingerprints. Would this practice permanently remove fingerprints? Why or why not?

    <p>No, it does not permanently remove fingerprints because they regenerate over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the severity, morbidity, and mortality of burn injuries?

    <p>Depth of the burn and body surface area affected (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the skin helps warm up through increased blood flow?

    <p>Thermoregulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do pain receptors in the skin warn the body about?

    <p>Injury or potential tissue damage in the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the growth rate of nails?

    <p>2-3 mm per week (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dandruff on the scalp?

    <p>Fungal overgrowth due to scalp skin cell turnover (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average life span of scalp hair?

    <p>4 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of secretion for eccrine sweat glands?

    <p>Sweat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do pain receptors in the skin warn the body about?

    <p>Potential injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carotene in the epidermis?

    <p>Providing color to skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin appendage serves as a protective agent against bacteria and lubricates the hair shaft?

    <p>Sebaceous glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dandruff on the scalp?

    <p>Blocked sebaceous glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What absorbs UV light and prevents it from reaching deeper layers?

    <p>Melanin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of haemoglobin when bound to oxygen?

    <p>Transporting O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component comprises 12-15% of body weight?

    <p>Skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for producing a lipid coating that lubricates the hair shaft and epidermis?

    <p>Stratum granulosum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) in the integumentary system?

    <p>Nourishes the epidermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of Merkel cells in the integumentary system?

    <p>Function as mechanoreceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does dandruff mainly consist of cells from the superficial layer of the skin on the scalp?

    <p>Accumulation of cells in the stratum corneum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a splinter penetrates to the 3rd layer of the epidermis of the palm?

    <p>Innervation provides sensation and initiates an immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of secretion for sebaceous glands in the integumentary system?

    <p>Secrete lipid coating that lubricates the hair shaft and epidermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does swimming in fresh water for an extended period cause epidermal swelling?

    <p>Freshwater is hypotonic, causing skin cells to swell with water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does sweating primarily serve in the integumentary system?

    <p>To regulate body temperature through evaporative cooling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Langerhan’s cells in the integumentary system?

    <p>Help activate the adaptive immune system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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