Pathophysiology of Obesity

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Which method is NOT mentioned for assessing body composition?

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Blood test (correct)

Bioelectrical impedance

Skinfolds

What is the BMI threshold for obesity in Japan?

≥ 25

≥ 24.9 (correct)

23.0 to 24.9

≥ 30

Which type of obesity is more closely related to elevated cardiometabolic risk?

Gynoid obesity

Subcutaneous obesity

Visceral obesity (correct)

Android obesity

What is the waist circumference threshold for increased health risk in women?

<blockquote> 80cm </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best practical predictor of visceral fat?

Sagittal diameter Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of obesity according to the text?

Increased calorie intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of leptin hormone?

Regulating weight Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about overweight and obesity is true?

Exercise and dietary changes are the main contributors to weight loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the per capita spending difference between an obese individual and someone of normal body weight in Australia?

$830 more for an obese individual Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States?

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of overweight and obesity?

Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What does Body Mass Index (BMI) indicate?

Height-to-weight ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the BMI range for obesity in Australia?

30 or higher Signup and view all the answers

Is a given BMI always considered 'unhealthy'?

No, a high BMI is not always unhealthy Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is thought to be a genetic cause of obesity in at least half of human cases?

Body fat distribution Signup and view all the answers

What happens to growth hormone and gonadal hormone secretion as individuals age?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the set-point theory in relation to weight loss?

Weight loss patients tend to gain more weight unless they restrict calories or increase physical activity Signup and view all the answers

Why is augmenting energy expenditure through medications complicated?

It leads to increased blood pressure and heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is dramatically reduced following gastric bypass weight loss surgery?

Ghrelin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones predominantly stimulate carbohydrate intake?

Neuropeptide Y Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gut peptides is involved in reduced food intake and satiety?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key consideration when evaluating an obese patient?

Their weight Signup and view all the answers

What is a common barrier to weight loss in obese patients?

Obesity and its comorbidities are often silent Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended BMI range for individuals seeking professional help with weight loss?

38 or more Signup and view all the answers

What should be the initial step in the clinical evaluation of an obese patient?

Assess the barriers to, and benefits of, weight loss Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be a medical cause of obesity?

Smoking cessation Signup and view all the answers

What should be obtained when taking a patient's history of obesity?

Their age of onset of obesity Signup and view all the answers

What should an exercise history evaluate in an obese patient?

Their exercise barriers Signup and view all the answers

When may exercise testing be appropriate for an obese patient?

To assess their cardiovascular disease risk Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in building rapport with obese patients?

Being compassionate and understanding Signup and view all the answers