Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus (Week 13, Spring 2024)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of glucose uptake in Diabetes Mellitus?

  • Euglycemia
  • Glucose uptake enhancement
  • Glucose uptake dysfunction (correct)
  • Hypoglycemia

    • What is the typical clinical manifestation of Diabetes Mellitus characterized by excessive thirst?

  • Polyuria
  • Polyphagia
  • Polydipsia (correct)
  • Fatigue

    • What is the main difference between DM Type I and DM Type II?

  • DM Type I is reversible, while DM Type II is irreversible
  • DM Type I is adult-onset, while DM Type II is juvenile-onset
  • DM Type I is insulin-dependent, while DM Type II is insulin-resistant (correct)
  • DM Type I is insulin-resistant, while DM Type II is insulin-dependent

    • What is the characteristic of DM Type I that makes it a chronic condition?

    <p>Absolute insulin deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential progression of DM Type II?

    <p>Progression to an insulin-dependent form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of primary hypothyroidism in terms of TSH levels?

    <p>TSH levels increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is common to both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Dysmenorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Stimulating the production of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

    <p>Autoimmune origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical effect of hyperthyroidism on the body's metabolism?

    <p>Rapid metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of Grave's disease?

    <p>Bulging eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of managing Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Reverse acidosis and restore fluid/electrolyte balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Diabetic retinopathy?

    <p>Friable blood vessels and retinal edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic criterion for Fasting blood glucose (FBS)?

    <p>≥ 126 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of fluid resuscitation in Hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar-nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)?

    <p>Maintain a urine output of 30-60 ml/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chronic complication of diabetes?

    <p>Diabetic neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intervention for hypoglycemia?

    <p>Provide 15g of simple carbohydrates until blood glucose level is &gt; 70 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for controlling male sex hormones?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Cushing's Syndrome?

    <p>Over-secretion of glucocorticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucocorticosteroids?

    <p>Responding to stress and regulating metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical diagnostic test for Cushing's Syndrome?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of Cushing's Syndrome?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely outcome of under-secretion of glucocorticosteroids?

    <p>Adrenal Insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hyponatremia in SIADH?

    <p>Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical response to an insulin challenge in a patient with Addison's disease?

    <p>Increased cortisol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying cause of hypotension in an Addisonian crisis?

    <p>Decreased aldosterone levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of hyperpigmentation in Addison's disease?

    <p>Increased ACTH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus that distinguishes it from SIADH?

    <p>Hypernatremia and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary underlying cause of Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disorders?

    <p>Brain injury or trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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