Pathophysiology Chapter 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is hyperpituitarism?

A chronic and progressive disease caused by excessive production and secretion of pituitary hormones.

What causes gigantism?

Hypersecretion of growth hormone before puberty, often due to an anterior pituitary adenoma.

What are the symptoms of acromegaly?

Increased hand and foot size, jaw growth causing larger spaces between teeth, joint pain.

What is hypopituitarism?

A condition caused by a deficiency or absence of any of the pituitary hormones. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes dwarfism?

The abnormal underdevelopment of the body occurring in children, leading to extremely short stature. Signup and view all the answers

What is diabetes insipidus?

A disturbance of water metabolism leading to extreme thirst and excessive secretion of dilute urine. Signup and view all the answers

What causes a simple goiter?

Insufficient dietary iodine leading to enlargement of the thyroid gland. Signup and view all the answers

What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

A chronic immune disease that attacks the thyroid gland, often hereditary. Signup and view all the answers

List some symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Tachycardia, diarrhea, weight loss, anxiety, fatigue, increased appetite, sweating, heat intolerance, hair loss. Signup and view all the answers

List some symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Bradycardia, constipation, weight gain, reduced alertness, fatigue, edema, poor circulation, cold intolerance, dry skin and hair. Signup and view all the answers

What is Graves' disease?

A condition of primary hyperthyroidism where the thyroid gland hypertrophies. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hyperpituitarism

Chronic disease causing excessive secretion of pituitary hormones.
Excessive human growth hormone (hGH) may lead to gigantism or acromegaly.

Gigantism

Abnormal growth pattern due to excess GH before puberty.
Growth is proportional and primarily affects long bones.
Often linked to anterior pituitary adenoma; genetic causes are not identified.
Symptoms include accelerated growth and mental/sensory development delays.

Acromegaly

Chronic condition in adults from excessive growth hormone secretion.
Typically manifests between ages 30 and 40; affects bone growth in face, hands, and feet.
Often caused by a pituitary tumor with equal prevalence in men and women.
Symptoms include enlarged extremities, spaced teeth, joint pain, and various systemic features.

Hypopituitarism

Deficiency or absence of one or more pituitary hormones, common in women.
Causes include tumors, congenital issues, or damage to the pituitary gland.
Symptoms include metabolic dysfunction, sexual immaturity, growth retardation, headaches, and potential blindness due to optic nerve pressure.

Dwarfism

Abnormal underdevelopment in children due to hypopituitarism.
Causes can be congenital or related to birth trauma.
Symptoms include short stature, lack of secondary sex characteristics, and potential intellectual disabilities.

Diabetes Insipidus

Disturbance in water metabolism causing extreme thirst and dilute urine output.
Results from reduced vasopressin secretion from the posterior pituitary.
Nephrogenic type is linked to renal resistance to vasopressin, more common in men.
Symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration signs, and fast dehydration onset.

Simple Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to hyperplasia, linked to iodine deficiency.
More common in females, early stages may show no symptoms.
Symptoms can include neck swelling, swallowing difficulties, weight loss with increased appetite, heat intolerance, and anxiety.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Chronic autoimmune disease targeting the thyroid, often hereditary.
Leading cause of goiter and hypothyroidism, more prevalent in women aged 45-65.
Symptoms include painless thyroid swelling, pressure in the neck, cold sensitivity, weight gain, and mental fatigue.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Characterized by tachycardia or palpitations, diarrhea, weight loss, and anxiety.
Additional symptoms include fatigue, increased appetite, sweating, heat intolerance, and hair loss.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Includes bradycardia, constipation, weight gain, reduced alertness, and fatigue.
Other signs are edema, poor circulation, cold intolerance, and dry skin/hair.

Graves' Disease

A condition causing primary hyperthyroidism with thyroid gland hypertrophy.

Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Pathophysiology Chapter 4. This quiz covers key terms such as hyperpituitarism and gigantism, providing definitions to enhance your understanding. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning on endocrine disorders.