Pathology: The Study of Disease

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Questions and Answers

What is the study of structure and function of the body in disease?

Physiology

Biochemistry

Anatomy

Pathology (correct)

What is the object of pathology?

To acquaint the student with the changes occurring in tissues as the result of disease (correct)

To study the symptoms of disease

To develop treatment plans for disease

To understand the causes of disease

What is the role of pathology in veterinary medicine?

To study the causes of disease

To develop treatment plans for disease

To bridge basic science and clinical practice (correct)

To diagnose diseases

What is the term for suffering or disease?

Pathos Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of structure and function of the body in health?

Physiology Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of studying pathology in veterinary medicine?

It helps in understanding the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term 'disease'?

A condition in which the individual suffers from discomfort Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pathology in correlating pre-pathology courses?

It helps in correlating the basic subjects of anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the most outstanding figure in European medicine after Galen and before Harvey?

Andreas Vesalius Signup and view all the answers

At what age did Andreas Vesalius become a professor of anatomy at the University of Padua?

24 Signup and view all the answers

Which century is often referred to as the century of anatomy?

16th century Signup and view all the answers

Who described the blood vascular system and made the discovery of blood circulation?

William Harvey Signup and view all the answers

How many different species of animals did William Harvey dissect to describe the vascular system?

80 Signup and view all the answers

What was the earlier name for 'artery' due to a mistaken belief?

Airtree Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the origin and history of words and their meanings called?

Etymology Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation on pathology?

It had the greatest impact and changed the course of medicine Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of oxygen?

8 Signup and view all the answers

How are electrons arranged in orbitals?

In pairs and spin in opposite directions Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of electrons required in the inner orbital for an atom to be stable?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of two atoms sharing electrons?

A covalent bond is formed Signup and view all the answers

What is the most stable electron configuration for an atom?

The outer orbital has 8 electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal concentration of calcium in cytosol compared to extracellular calcium?

10,000 times lower Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of electrons in the outer orbital of an atom of oxygen?

6 Signup and view all the answers

Where is most of the intracellular calcium normally sequestered?

Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Why does an atom of hydrogen react with another atom of hydrogen?

Because it has an unstable electron configuration Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ischaemia and toxins on cytosolic calcium concentration?

Net influx Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of atoms linked together by covalent bonds?

A molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is activated by increased cytosolic calcium?

A number of enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of phospholipases activated by increased cytosolic calcium?

Membrane damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of proteases activated by increased cytosolic calcium?

Breakdown of structural and membrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ATPases activated by increased cytosolic calcium?

ATP depletion Signup and view all the answers

Is loss of calcium homeostasis always a necessary preceding event in irreversible cell injury?

No Signup and view all the answers

What is a prion?

A proteinaceous infective particle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between prions and viruses?

Prions lack nucleic acid, while viruses do not Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein that prions are made of?

PrP Signup and view all the answers

Why are prions resistant to many agents that inactivate viruses?

Because they lack nucleic acid Signup and view all the answers

Who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for discovering prions?

Stanley Prusiner Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the diseases caused by prions in domestic animals and humans?

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current phase of pathology?

Cellular and molecular phase Signup and view all the answers

What are diseases increasingly being explained by?

Effects of released chemical mediators and antigen-antibody reactions and endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Pathology

Pathology is the study of the structure and function of the body in disease
It deals with the structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease
Pathology bridges basic science and clinical practice

History of Pathology

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) was a Belgian who made anatomy a living, working science
William Harvey (1578-1657) described the blood vascular system and made the discovery of blood circulation in 1628
Discovery of blood circulation had a significant impact on pathology and changed the course of medicine
The 16th century is often called the century of anatomy

Prions

Prions are proteinaceous infective particles that cause diseases in domestic animals and humans
Prions lack nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) and do not produce inflammatory or immune reactions in the host
Prions are resistant to many agents that normally inactivate viruses, such as ultraviolet light and standard disinfectants
Stanley Prusiner discovered prions and won the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine

Cell Injury and Cell Death

Calcium homeostasis is maintained at extremely low concentrations in cytosol
Intracellular calcium is sequestered in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
Ischaemia and toxins increase cytosolic calcium concentration, leading to cell injury and death
Increased cytosolic calcium activates enzymes that cause membrane damage, protein breakdown, ATP depletion, and chromatin breakdown

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Description

This quiz covers the concept of pathology, the study of disease and its effects on the body's structure and function.