28 Questions
Which department does Doctor Sara Fraticelli belong to?
Department of Molecular Medicine
What is the structure of the course?
Immunohistochemistry, PCR, RNA Analysis
How many points are awarded for each correct answer in the exam?
1 point
What is the minimum number of points required to pass the exam?
18 points
What are the PDF handouts given before/after each lesson?
Free on-line at Springer website as PDF
When was Pathology born?
When physicians began to search for correlations between morphologic and clinical changes
Who is considered as the greatest medical figure of his time and maybe of all times?
Galen
Which Roman writer wrote De Re Medica in eight volumes?
Cornelius Celsus
Who left remarkably clear descriptions of many pathological features such as wound inflammation, tumours, haemorrhoids, malaria, and tuberculosis?
Hippocrates of Cos
Who pursued anatomy as a science and constantly tried to correlate structure with disease?
Herophilus of Chalcedon
Who is believed to be among the first to pursue anatomy as a science and constantly tried to correlate structure with disease?
Herophilus of Chalcedon
Who wrote the classic definition of inflammation: 'Notae vero inflammationis sunt quatuor, rubor et tumor, cum calore et dolore'?
Cornelius Celsus
What is the role of dNTPs in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
To be used by Taq polymerase to build new template molecules
At which temperature does the denaturation step occur in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
~ 95°C
What is the function of the forward and reverse primers in PCR?
To amplify a specific DNA sequence by binding to sense and anti-sense strands of the template
What is the purpose of using a thermal cycler in PCR?
To perform the different temperature cycles required for denaturation, annealing, and elongation steps
What is the base for many laboratory methods involving small amounts of DNA in various fields such as microbiology, genetics, and forensic sciences?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
What is the function of MgCl2 in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
To act as a catalyst needed by Taq polymerase to work and for specificity
What is the purpose of Sanger sequencing?
Validation of deep sequencing results
What is the main drawback of using intercalating dye-based method in real-time PCR?
Less specific than labelled probe-based technique
Which enzyme is responsible for removing the probe by extending DNA in hydrolysis probe-based method in real-time PCR?
Taq DNA polymerase
What is the primary function of real-time PCR?
Simultaneous amplification and quantification of DNA or RNA
What is the main advantage of Sanger sequencing over Next Generation Sequencing?
Validation of deep sequencing results
What can lead to no amplification in PCR due to Taq polymerase?
PCR inhibitors like ethanol
What is the purpose of fluorescent dye in real-time PCR?
To monitor the reaction using fluorescence
What is the main difference between intercalating dye-based method and hydrolysis probe-based method in real-time PCR?
Fluorescence emission mechanism
Which step does Sanger sequencing substitute for?
'Melt curve analysis
What does hydrolysis probe-based method involve in real-time PCR?
Hybridisation of probe and target separates reporter and quencher
Test your knowledge of pathology techniques with this quiz covering topics such as immunohistochemistry, PCR, RNA analysis, electron microscopy, and specific tumor types including melanoma, lung, and breast. The quiz consists of 25 multiple-choice questions.
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