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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of chronic inflammation in terms of duration?
What is the primary characteristic of chronic inflammation in terms of duration?
- Exactly 7 days
- Around 1-2 weeks
- More than 3 weeks (correct)
- Less than 3 days
What is the term used to describe the presence of fibrous tissue with small blood vessels in chronic inflammation?
What is the term used to describe the presence of fibrous tissue with small blood vessels in chronic inflammation?
- Fibrotic tissue
- Inflammatory tissue
- Granulation tissue (correct)
- Scar tissue
Which of the following conditions is an example of chronic inflammation arising de novo?
Which of the following conditions is an example of chronic inflammation arising de novo?
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis (correct)
- Cirrhosis
- Thyrotoxicosis
In chronic inflammation, which type of cells are the most prevalent?
In chronic inflammation, which type of cells are the most prevalent?
What is the term used to describe the chronic response to injury with associated fibrosis?
What is the term used to describe the chronic response to injury with associated fibrosis?
Which of the following is NOT a way in which chronic inflammation can arise?
Which of the following is NOT a way in which chronic inflammation can arise?
What type of giant cells are associated with fat necrosis?
What type of giant cells are associated with fat necrosis?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by mainly plasma cells and synovial fibroblasts in chronic inflammation?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by mainly plasma cells and synovial fibroblasts in chronic inflammation?
What is the term for the replacement of normal tissue with fibrous tissue in chronic inflammation?
What is the term for the replacement of normal tissue with fibrous tissue in chronic inflammation?
Which of the following conditions is an example of chronic inflammatory bowel disease?
Which of the following conditions is an example of chronic inflammatory bowel disease?
What is the term for the type of giant cells that are associated with tuberculosis?
What is the term for the type of giant cells that are associated with tuberculosis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT an example of chronic inflammation?
Which of the following conditions is NOT an example of chronic inflammation?
What is the main characteristic of Crohn's disease in inflammatory bowel disease?
What is the main characteristic of Crohn's disease in inflammatory bowel disease?
What is the term for the abnormal connection between two epithelium-lined organs in inflammatory bowel disease?
What is the term for the abnormal connection between two epithelium-lined organs in inflammatory bowel disease?
What is the primary cause of granulomatous inflammation?
What is the primary cause of granulomatous inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of cirrhosis?
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of cirrhosis?
What is the term for the chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa leading to loss of gastric glandular cells and replacement by intestinal-type epithelium and fibrous tissue?
What is the term for the chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa leading to loss of gastric glandular cells and replacement by intestinal-type epithelium and fibrous tissue?
Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?
Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disease?
What is the term for the chronic inflammation leading to disorganization of architecture and attempted regeneration of the liver?
What is the term for the chronic inflammation leading to disorganization of architecture and attempted regeneration of the liver?
Which of the following is a characteristic of ulcerative colitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of ulcerative colitis?
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Study Notes
Chronic Inflammation
- Chronic inflammation is a long-lived inflammatory response that lasts more than 3 weeks and can persist for months or even years.
- It involves a greater number of cells than acute inflammation, which contributes to its severity and makes resolution more difficult.
Effects of Chronic Inflammation
- Fibrosis: replacement of normal tissue with fibrous tissue, leading to conditions such as chronic cholecystitis, chronic peptic ulcers, and cirrhosis of the liver.
- Impaired function: seen in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease).
- Rarely, increased function: e.g., thyrotoxicosis.
Granulomatous Inflammation
- Characterized by the presence of granulomas, which are formed in response to persistent antigenic stimulation or hypersensitivity.
- Main causes: mildly irritant 'foreign' material, infections (e.g., mycobacteria, tuberculosis, leprosy), and autoimmune diseases.
- Types of granulomas:
- Langhans (tuberculosis)
- Foreign body type
- Touton (fat necrosis)
Cell Types in Chronic Inflammation
- Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, synovial fibroblasts, and eosinophils are common cell types involved in chronic inflammation.
- The proportion of each cell type may vary depending on the condition, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (plasma cells and synovial fibroblasts), chronic gastritis (lymphocytes), and leishmaniasis (macrophages and eosinophils).
How Chronic Inflammation Arises
- May develop from unresolving acute inflammation
- May arise de novo in autoimmune conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) or chronic infections (e.g., viral hepatitis)
- May occur alongside acute inflammation in severe persistent or repeated irritation.
Chronic Inflammation vs. Acute Inflammation
- Chronic inflammation has a more variable microscopic appearance than acute inflammation.
- The type of cell present is an important characteristic, with many cells present, including macrophages and lymphocytes.
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