Pathology and Clinical Pathology Module Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What should be done to tiny, fragile, jelly-like specimens during macroscopic examination?

They should be dissected immediately

They should be pressed or crushed by forceps or fingers

They should be filtrated out of the container (correct)

They should be exposed to room temperature

What is the primary responsibility of the pathologist during macroscopic examination?

Analyzing patient's clinical data and radiological tests

Conducting laboratory tests

Accurately presenting clinical data in the form (correct)

Describing the anatomical features of the tissue sample

What is the purpose of the 'A Sending Form for Examination of Biopsy and Surgical Material'?

To read and analyze the patient's radiological and laboratory tests

To establish a strategy for macroscopic analysis

To provide information about the labeling characteristics of the sample (correct)

To analyze patient's clinical data and pathology

What is the recommended storage condition for the tissue sample in fixation solution during transportation?

Kept at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the general guideline for handling small specimens during macroscopic examination?

They should not be pressed or crushed by forceps or fingers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a pathologist's diagnostic service in a hospital?

Confirming clinical diagnoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the timeline for transporting the tissue sample to the department of pathological anatomy?

On the same day or in the morning of the next day Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a biopsy?

To remove a small tissue piece for microscopic examination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a field of subspecialty in pathology?

Immunology Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of molecular pathology in medicine?

It has clinical applications in genomics and proteomics Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of histological examination in pathology?

Tissue structural and cellular changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pathology in medicine?

To provide a scientific background for evidence-based medicine Signup and view all the answers

Which histochemical reaction is used to detect copper?

Orseine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal of histochemical examination?

Prediction of response to therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of immunohistochemic reactions?

To detect a particular antigen in cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the histochemical reaction used to detect mycobacteria spp.?

Ziehl-Neelsen Signup and view all the answers

Which histochemical reaction is used to detect reticular fibers?

Gomori silver Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of immunohistochemic reactions in cancer?

Prognostic markers Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum retention period for histological slides in the Lithuanian healthcare system?

At least 10 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the TNM classification system?

To improve the communication between doctors Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Form No. 014-1-1/a?

To send biopsy and surgical material for examination Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum retention period for paraffin blocks in the Lithuanian healthcare system?

At least 10 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the TNM classification system for each anatomical site, organ, or system of organs?

It has an individual classification system Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum retention period for macroscopic samples in the Lithuanian healthcare system?

At least 1 month Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a hermetic container for collecting samples?

To prevent contamination of the sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended temperature range for storing cytological samples to avoid cellular autolysis?

4°C to 7°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of spreading the cytological material onto a glass slide in a 5-10 mm area?

To facilitate the examination of the sample under a microscope Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that can affect the quality of a cytological sample?

Inadequate fixation of the sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a clean glass slide to spread the cytological material?

To prevent contamination of the sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended way to mark the patient's name and surname on the glass slide?

Using a permanent marker Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Transport of Tissue Samples

Tissue samples must be kept in fixation solution at room temperature.
Samples should be transported to the Pathological Anatomy Department on the same day or the following morning.

Macroscopic Examination

Pathologist uses form No. 014-1/a to read and analyze clinical data, pathology, and test information.
Establishes a strategy for the macroscopic analysis of tissue samples.
Responsible for the accuracy of clinical data presented.

Steps of Macroscopic Examination

Describing a Sample: Analyze anatomical features such as shape, edge pattern, and structural composition.
General descriptive terms include color, consistency, size, weight, and nearby anatomical structures.
Dissecting a Sample: Avoid pressing small specimens; use hermetic containers with 10-200 ml of fluid to prevent damage.

Cytological Analysis Procedures

Needle Aspiration:
- Remove content from syringe onto a glass slide.
- Spread material over a 5-10 mm area, using another slide to distribute evenly.
Transportation of Cytological Samples:
- Mark the patient's name on the glass slide.
- Ensure samples are horizontal and either dried or fixed as required; transport requires completion of form No. 014-1/a.

Quality Influencing Factors

Active inflammation or thick, bloody samples negatively affect quality.
Incorrect or missing labeling leads to sample issues, as does chemical pollution.
Inappropriate fixation can compromise results.

Diagnosis and Conclusion

Detailed microscopic examination and possible further analysis, such as histochemical or immunohistochemical tests.
Additional diagnostic tests may require consultations.

Archive Management Rules

Pathology analysis documents and samples are archived according to Lithuanian health care regulations.
Biopsy/surgical material must be kept for at least 25 years; macroscopic samples for at least 1 month; paraffin blocks and histological slides for at least 10 years.

TNM Classification

A standardized system created by the World Health Organization for staging malignant neoplasms.
Ensures effective communication between healthcare professionals and reflects patient survival rates based on specific neoplasms.

Overview of Pathology

Pathology studies diseases, providing diagnostics and research in subspecialties like cellular pathology and molecular pathology.
Key roles include confirming clinical diagnoses, predicting prognosis, and guiding therapy.

Pathology Examination Types

Histological Examination: Focuses on tissue structure and cellular changes.
Cytological Examination: Evaluates individual cell morphology.

Histochemical Examination

Aims to identify specific accumulating substances and tissues, including connective tissues and microorganisms.
Uses various staining techniques to visualize components, such as Masson’s trichrome for collagen and PAS for polysaccharides.

Immunohistochemical Reactions

Detect specific antigens in cells to aid in diagnosing tumors, assessing prognostic markers, and predicting therapy responses.

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Description

Test your knowledge of pathology, a field of study that focuses on the diagnosis and understanding of diseases. This quiz covers the basics of pathology, including its subspecialties and relevance in forensic medicine and clinical pathology.