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Pathology and Clinical Pathology Module Quiz
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Pathology and Clinical Pathology Module Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What should be done to tiny, fragile, jelly-like specimens during macroscopic examination?

  • They should be dissected immediately
  • They should be pressed or crushed by forceps or fingers
  • They should be filtrated out of the container (correct)
  • They should be exposed to room temperature

    • What is the primary responsibility of the pathologist during macroscopic examination?

  • Analyzing patient's clinical data and radiological tests
  • Conducting laboratory tests
  • Accurately presenting clinical data in the form (correct)
  • Describing the anatomical features of the tissue sample

    • What is the purpose of the 'A Sending Form for Examination of Biopsy and Surgical Material'?

  • To read and analyze the patient's radiological and laboratory tests
  • To establish a strategy for macroscopic analysis
  • To provide information about the labeling characteristics of the sample (correct)
  • To analyze patient's clinical data and pathology

    • What is the recommended storage condition for the tissue sample in fixation solution during transportation?

    <p>Kept at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general guideline for handling small specimens during macroscopic examination?

    <p>They should not be pressed or crushed by forceps or fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of a pathologist's diagnostic service in a hospital?

    <p>Confirming clinical diagnoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timeline for transporting the tissue sample to the department of pathological anatomy?

    <p>On the same day or in the morning of the next day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a biopsy?

    <p>To remove a small tissue piece for microscopic examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a field of subspecialty in pathology?

    <p>Immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relevance of molecular pathology in medicine?

    <p>It has clinical applications in genomics and proteomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of histological examination in pathology?

    <p>Tissue structural and cellular changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pathology in medicine?

    <p>To provide a scientific background for evidence-based medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histochemical reaction is used to detect copper?

    <p>Orseine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of histochemical examination?

    <p>Prediction of response to therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of immunohistochemic reactions?

    <p>To detect a particular antigen in cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histochemical reaction used to detect mycobacteria spp.?

    <p>Ziehl-Neelsen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histochemical reaction is used to detect reticular fibers?

    <p>Gomori silver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of immunohistochemic reactions in cancer?

    <p>Prognostic markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum retention period for histological slides in the Lithuanian healthcare system?

    <p>At least 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the TNM classification system?

    <p>To improve the communication between doctors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Form No. 014-1-1/a?

    <p>To send biopsy and surgical material for examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum retention period for paraffin blocks in the Lithuanian healthcare system?

    <p>At least 10 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the TNM classification system for each anatomical site, organ, or system of organs?

    <p>It has an individual classification system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum retention period for macroscopic samples in the Lithuanian healthcare system?

    <p>At least 1 month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a hermetic container for collecting samples?

    <p>To prevent contamination of the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended temperature range for storing cytological samples to avoid cellular autolysis?

    <p>4°C to 7°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of spreading the cytological material onto a glass slide in a 5-10 mm area?

    <p>To facilitate the examination of the sample under a microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that can affect the quality of a cytological sample?

    <p>Inadequate fixation of the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a clean glass slide to spread the cytological material?

    <p>To prevent contamination of the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended way to mark the patient's name and surname on the glass slide?

    <p>Using a permanent marker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Transport of Tissue Samples

    • Tissue samples must be kept in fixation solution at room temperature.
    • Samples should be transported to the Pathological Anatomy Department on the same day or the following morning.

    Macroscopic Examination

    • Pathologist uses form No. 014-1/a to read and analyze clinical data, pathology, and test information.
    • Establishes a strategy for the macroscopic analysis of tissue samples.
    • Responsible for the accuracy of clinical data presented.

    Steps of Macroscopic Examination

    • Describing a Sample: Analyze anatomical features such as shape, edge pattern, and structural composition.
    • General descriptive terms include color, consistency, size, weight, and nearby anatomical structures.
    • Dissecting a Sample: Avoid pressing small specimens; use hermetic containers with 10-200 ml of fluid to prevent damage.

    Cytological Analysis Procedures

    • Needle Aspiration:
      • Remove content from syringe onto a glass slide.
      • Spread material over a 5-10 mm area, using another slide to distribute evenly.
    • Transportation of Cytological Samples:
      • Mark the patient's name on the glass slide.
      • Ensure samples are horizontal and either dried or fixed as required; transport requires completion of form No. 014-1/a.

    Quality Influencing Factors

    • Active inflammation or thick, bloody samples negatively affect quality.
    • Incorrect or missing labeling leads to sample issues, as does chemical pollution.
    • Inappropriate fixation can compromise results.

    Diagnosis and Conclusion

    • Detailed microscopic examination and possible further analysis, such as histochemical or immunohistochemical tests.
    • Additional diagnostic tests may require consultations.

    Archive Management Rules

    • Pathology analysis documents and samples are archived according to Lithuanian health care regulations.
    • Biopsy/surgical material must be kept for at least 25 years; macroscopic samples for at least 1 month; paraffin blocks and histological slides for at least 10 years.

    TNM Classification

    • A standardized system created by the World Health Organization for staging malignant neoplasms.
    • Ensures effective communication between healthcare professionals and reflects patient survival rates based on specific neoplasms.

    Overview of Pathology

    • Pathology studies diseases, providing diagnostics and research in subspecialties like cellular pathology and molecular pathology.
    • Key roles include confirming clinical diagnoses, predicting prognosis, and guiding therapy.

    Pathology Examination Types

    • Histological Examination: Focuses on tissue structure and cellular changes.
    • Cytological Examination: Evaluates individual cell morphology.

    Histochemical Examination

    • Aims to identify specific accumulating substances and tissues, including connective tissues and microorganisms.
    • Uses various staining techniques to visualize components, such as Masson’s trichrome for collagen and PAS for polysaccharides.

    Immunohistochemical Reactions

    • Detect specific antigens in cells to aid in diagnosing tumors, assessing prognostic markers, and predicting therapy responses.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of pathology, a field of study that focuses on the diagnosis and understanding of diseases. This quiz covers the basics of pathology, including its subspecialties and relevance in forensic medicine and clinical pathology.

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