Pathology: Acute Leukaemia
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Questions and Answers

At what age is acute leukemia most commonly diagnosed?

  • 45 years
  • 75 years
  • < 6 years
  • 65 years (correct)

    • What is a common symptom of bone marrow failure in acute leukemia?

  • Anemia and high platelets
  • Fever and low WBC (correct)
  • Fever and high WBC
  • Bleeding and high platelets

    • Which organs are commonly infiltrated in acute leukemia?

  • Liver, Spleen, and Lymph nodes (correct)
  • Pancreas, Stomach, and Small intestine
  • Kidneys, Heart, and Lungs
  • Brain, Skin, and Muscles

    • What is a specific clinical feature of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) M3?

    <p>Gum hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic tool to analyze hematological parameters in acute leukemia?

    <p>Analysis of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic tool for acute leukemia?

    <p>Blood culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of diagnosis in acute leukemia?

    <p>To guide treatment and monitor residual disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of bleeding tendency in acute leukemia?

    <p>Purpuric spots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukemia is commonly associated with meningeal infiltration?

    <p>Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of acute leukaemia in the bone marrow and blood?

    <p>More than 20% blasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of WHO classification of acute leukaemia?

    <p>Lineage of blasts to myeloid or lymphoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of AML based on FAB?

    <p>M0-M7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common age group affected by Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)?

    <p>Children before the age of 6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of B-cell lineage in ALL cases?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of M3 AML according to FAB classification?

    <p>Acute promyelocytic leukaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of FAB classification of ALL?

    <p>Morphology of blasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of L3 ALL according to FAB classification?

    <p>Large homogenous blasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of neoplastic proliferation of white blood cell precursors?

    <p>Malignant proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical Hb level in AML and ALL patients?

    <p>4-5 gm%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of AML in peripheral smear?

    <p>Myeloblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical total leucocyte count in AML and ALL patients?

    <p>10-300,000/mm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of AML M3?

    <p>Multiple Auer rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for AML M3?

    <p>ATRA (All trans retinoic acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of AML M4 and M5?

    <p>Gum hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical morphology of anemia in AML and ALL patients?

    <p>Normocytic, normochromic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of myeloblasts in peripheral smear in AML?

    <p>&gt;20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Auer rod?

    <p>Linear rod-like pink structures in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of immunophenotyping in leukocytes?

    <p>To classify acute leukemia based on lineage of blasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cytogenetic abnormalities is associated with a poor prognosis?

    <p>Loss of Ch. 5/7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall prognosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in children?

    <p>Good, with a 5-year survival rate of &gt;85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a favourable cytogenetic abnormality in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?

    <p>inv. 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 5-year survival rate of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in adults?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of immunophenotyping?

    <p>Immunostaining in biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of acute leukemia based on?

    <p>Lineage of blasts and membrane markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytogenetic studies in acute leukemia?

    <p>To identify cytogenetic abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a favourable prognosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?

    <p>Hyper diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of blasts in L1 type of ALL?

    <p>Homogenous small blasts, scanty cytoplasm, regular round nuclei, inconspicous nucleoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of blasts in the peripheral blood smear of AML?

    <p>More than 20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of blasts in L3 type of ALL?

    <p>Large homogenous blasts, basophilic cytoplasm, round nucleus, prominent nucleoli, cytoplasmic vacuolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of bone marrow in ALL?

    <p>Cellularity increased, lymphoblast predominant, erythroid elements and megakaryocytes decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of bone marrow in AML?

    <p>Cellularity increased, myeloblast predominant, erythroid elements and megakaryocytes decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cytochemical stain used to detect myeloblasts in AML?

    <p>Myeloperoxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of blasts in L2 type of ALL?

    <p>Heterogenous blasts, variable cytoplasm, irregular/cleft nucleus, large nucleoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immunophenotyping marker for B cells in ALL?

    <p>CD 19, CD 20, CD 22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Immunophenotyping?

    <p>To study the protein expressed by cells using monoclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

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