45 Questions
At what age is acute leukemia most commonly diagnosed?
65 years
What is a common symptom of bone marrow failure in acute leukemia?
Fever and low WBC
Which organs are commonly infiltrated in acute leukemia?
Liver, Spleen, and Lymph nodes
What is a specific clinical feature of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) M3?
Gum hypertrophy
What is the diagnostic tool to analyze hematological parameters in acute leukemia?
Analysis of blood
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic tool for acute leukemia?
Blood culture
What is the purpose of diagnosis in acute leukemia?
To guide treatment and monitor residual disease
What is a common symptom of bleeding tendency in acute leukemia?
Purpuric spots
Which type of leukemia is commonly associated with meningeal infiltration?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
What is the characteristic of acute leukaemia in the bone marrow and blood?
More than 20% blasts
What is the basis of WHO classification of acute leukaemia?
Lineage of blasts to myeloid or lymphoid
What is the classification of AML based on FAB?
M0-M7
What is the common age group affected by Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)?
Children before the age of 6 years
What is the percentage of B-cell lineage in ALL cases?
85%
What is the characteristic of M3 AML according to FAB classification?
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia
What is the basis of FAB classification of ALL?
Morphology of blasts
What is the characteristic of L3 ALL according to FAB classification?
Large homogenous blasts
What is the characteristic of neoplastic proliferation of white blood cell precursors?
Malignant proliferation
What is the typical Hb level in AML and ALL patients?
4-5 gm%
What is the characteristic feature of AML in peripheral smear?
Myeloblasts
What is the typical total leucocyte count in AML and ALL patients?
10-300,000/mm3
What is the characteristic feature of AML M3?
Multiple Auer rods
What is the treatment for AML M3?
ATRA (All trans retinoic acid)
What is the characteristic feature of AML M4 and M5?
Gum hypertrophy
What is the typical morphology of anemia in AML and ALL patients?
Normocytic, normochromic anemia
What is the percentage of myeloblasts in peripheral smear in AML?
>20%
What is Auer rod?
Linear rod-like pink structures in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts
What is the purpose of immunophenotyping in leukocytes?
To classify acute leukemia based on lineage of blasts
Which of the following cytogenetic abnormalities is associated with a poor prognosis?
Loss of Ch. 5/7
What is the overall prognosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in children?
Good, with a 5-year survival rate of >85%
Which of the following is a favourable cytogenetic abnormality in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?
inv. 16
What is the 5-year survival rate of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in adults?
5%
Which of the following is a method of immunophenotyping?
Immunostaining in biopsy
What is the classification of acute leukemia based on?
Lineage of blasts and membrane markers
What is the purpose of cytogenetic studies in acute leukemia?
To identify cytogenetic abnormalities
Which of the following is a favourable prognosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?
Hyper diploid
What is the characteristic of blasts in L1 type of ALL?
Homogenous small blasts, scanty cytoplasm, regular round nuclei, inconspicous nucleoli
What is the percentage of blasts in the peripheral blood smear of AML?
More than 20%
What is the characteristic of blasts in L3 type of ALL?
Large homogenous blasts, basophilic cytoplasm, round nucleus, prominent nucleoli, cytoplasmic vacuolation
What is the characteristic of bone marrow in ALL?
Cellularity increased, lymphoblast predominant, erythroid elements and megakaryocytes decreased
What is the characteristic of bone marrow in AML?
Cellularity increased, myeloblast predominant, erythroid elements and megakaryocytes decreased
What is the cytochemical stain used to detect myeloblasts in AML?
Myeloperoxidase
What is the characteristic of blasts in L2 type of ALL?
Heterogenous blasts, variable cytoplasm, irregular/cleft nucleus, large nucleoli
What is the immunophenotyping marker for B cells in ALL?
CD 19, CD 20, CD 22
What is the purpose of Immunophenotyping?
To study the protein expressed by cells using monoclonal antibodies
Test your knowledge of acute leukaemia, including its definition, classification, aetiopathogenesis, clinical features, and blood and bone marrow changes. Learn about the clinical course and prognosis of AML and ALL.
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