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What can cause severe megaloblastic anaemia?
What can cause severe megaloblastic anaemia?
Which disorder is characterized by lymphadenopathy as a clinical feature?
Which disorder is characterized by lymphadenopathy as a clinical feature?
What can lead to severe neutropenia?
What can lead to severe neutropenia?
In which condition can lymphocytosis be extreme in children?
In which condition can lymphocytosis be extreme in children?
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Which disease involves malignancies of myeloid and lymphoid systems?
Which disease involves malignancies of myeloid and lymphoid systems?
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What is a common clinical feature of lymphoma?
What is a common clinical feature of lymphoma?
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Which condition is associated with lymphocytosis?
Which condition is associated with lymphocytosis?
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Which feature is typical of acute leukaemia?
Which feature is typical of acute leukaemia?
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What are the B-symptoms associated with lymphoma?
What are the B-symptoms associated with lymphoma?
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Which type of leukemia involves the accumulation of blast cells in the bone marrow?
Which type of leukemia involves the accumulation of blast cells in the bone marrow?
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What percentage of lymphomas are of T cell origin?
What percentage of lymphomas are of T cell origin?
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What is the characteristic lymphocyte count in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)?
What is the characteristic lymphocyte count in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)?
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Which type of leukaemia has a chromosome translocation resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome?
Which type of leukaemia has a chromosome translocation resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome?
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What is a common clinical feature of chronic leukaemia?
What is a common clinical feature of chronic leukaemia?
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Which type of lymphoma is commonly associated with Reed-Sternberg cells?
Which type of lymphoma is commonly associated with Reed-Sternberg cells?
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What are the typical B symptoms associated with Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
What are the typical B symptoms associated with Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
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In which age group does Hodgkin's Lymphoma commonly peak?
In which age group does Hodgkin's Lymphoma commonly peak?
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Which neoplasm involves the infiltration of organs such as liver, spleen, and lymph nodes by neoplastic cells?
Which neoplasm involves the infiltration of organs such as liver, spleen, and lymph nodes by neoplastic cells?
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Which type of leukaemia is most common in children?
Which type of leukaemia is most common in children?
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What is the most important consequence of leukaemias according to the text?
What is the most important consequence of leukaemias according to the text?
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Which classification system includes categories like M0-M7 and L1-L3?
Which classification system includes categories like M0-M7 and L1-L3?
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In which type of leukaemia do blast cells divide but fail to differentiate and appear in the blood?
In which type of leukaemia do blast cells divide but fail to differentiate and appear in the blood?
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What is the main characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia according to the text?
What is the main characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia according to the text?
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What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by massive leucocytosis and the presence of immature cells?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by massive leucocytosis and the presence of immature cells?
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What is the diagnostic significance of eosinophilia?
What is the diagnostic significance of eosinophilia?
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Neutrophilia is a condition where neutrophils are elevated. What is the normal range for neutrophils in the blood?
Neutrophilia is a condition where neutrophils are elevated. What is the normal range for neutrophils in the blood?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of neutropenia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of neutropenia?
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In which type of disorder do we see an increase in total white cell numbers along with neoplasia of leucopoietic tissue?
In which type of disorder do we see an increase in total white cell numbers along with neoplasia of leucopoietic tissue?
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Lymphocytosis is commonly associated with bacterial infections.
Lymphocytosis is commonly associated with bacterial infections.
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Neutropenia can be caused by drugs like steroids.
Neutropenia can be caused by drugs like steroids.
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Leukaemia is characterized by a decrease in total white cell numbers.
Leukaemia is characterized by a decrease in total white cell numbers.
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Basophil leucocytosis is a common diagnostic sign of myeloproliferative disorders.
Basophil leucocytosis is a common diagnostic sign of myeloproliferative disorders.
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Neutrophilia can be a physiological response during exercise.
Neutrophilia can be a physiological response during exercise.
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Eosinophilia is only caused by viral infections.
Eosinophilia is only caused by viral infections.
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Chronic leukaemias in adults may not be seen in children.
Chronic leukaemias in adults may not be seen in children.
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is characterized by myelocyte proliferation.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is characterized by myelocyte proliferation.
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CML/CGL is often associated with a chromosome translocation resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome.
CML/CGL is often associated with a chromosome translocation resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome.
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Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are more common than Hodgkin's lymphoma in the UK.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are more common than Hodgkin's lymphoma in the UK.
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma is commonly linked to a genetic predisposition.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma is commonly linked to a genetic predisposition.
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Reed-Sternberg cells are multinucleate T lymphocytes found in Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Reed-Sternberg cells are multinucleate T lymphocytes found in Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
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Lymphocytosis is a common feature of acute leukaemia.
Lymphocytosis is a common feature of acute leukaemia.
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Reed-Sternberg cells are present in acute leukaemia.
Reed-Sternberg cells are present in acute leukaemia.
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Neutrophilia is a common feature of lymphoma.
Neutrophilia is a common feature of lymphoma.
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Tissue necrosis can lead to lymphocytosis.
Tissue necrosis can lead to lymphocytosis.
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Haemorrhage usually results in leucopenia.
Haemorrhage usually results in leucopenia.
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Acute leukaemia accounts for about 45% of all leukaemia cases.
Acute leukaemia accounts for about 45% of all leukaemia cases.
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Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is more common in individuals over 50 years of age.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is more common in individuals over 50 years of age.
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Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is mostly seen in adults.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is mostly seen in adults.
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Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) falls under the category of acute leukaemia.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) falls under the category of acute leukaemia.
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Bone marrow failure is not a significant consequence of leukaemias.
Bone marrow failure is not a significant consequence of leukaemias.
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Neoplastic cells in leukaemias mainly infiltrate the muscles and bones.
Neoplastic cells in leukaemias mainly infiltrate the muscles and bones.
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Severe neutropenia is defined as having a neutrophil count lower than 1.5x10^9/L.
Severe neutropenia is defined as having a neutrophil count lower than 1.5x10^9/L.
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Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is an example of a neoplastic disorder of white blood cells.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is an example of a neoplastic disorder of white blood cells.
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Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) predominantly occurs in lymphoid tissue.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) predominantly occurs in lymphoid tissue.
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Hypersplenism is a common clinical feature of severe megaloblastic anaemia.
Hypersplenism is a common clinical feature of severe megaloblastic anaemia.
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Leukaemias predominantly occur in lymphoid tissue.
Leukaemias predominantly occur in lymphoid tissue.
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Infectious mononucleosis is an example of a chronic infection that can cause lymphocytosis.
Infectious mononucleosis is an example of a chronic infection that can cause lymphocytosis.
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Study Notes
- White blood cells (leucocytes) consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, each with specific functions such as fighting infection.
- Normal white cell values include total white cells, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and platelets with specific ranges for each.
- Leucopoiesis involves myeloid and lymphoid stem cells giving rise to different types of white blood cells through a process of differentiation.
- Disorders of white blood cells can lead to leucocytosis (increased total numbers), leucopenia (decreased total numbers), leukemia (neoplasia of white blood cell precursors), and leukaemoid reaction (massive increase in white blood cells due to chronic infections).
- Diagnostic value of changes in white blood cells include neutrophil leucocytosis in bacterial infections, lymphocytosis in viral infections, eosinophilia in parasitic infestations or allergies, and monocytosis in chronic bacterial infections or malignant neoplasms.
- Neutrophilia (neutrophil leucocytosis) is characterized by an increase in neutrophils above normal levels and can be caused by various factors such as bacterial infections, inflammation, or malignancies.
- Neutropenia, on the other hand, is a condition where neutrophil levels are decreased, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, and can be caused by viral infections, medications, autoimmune conditions, or bone marrow failure.
- Leukemias and lymphomas are neoplastic disorders of white blood cells, with leukemias predominantly affecting bone marrow and circulating blood, while lymphomas primarily involve lymphoid tissue.
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Description
Explore the pathogenesis of WBC neoplasms with a focus on chromosomal abnormalities detected in leukaemias and lymphomas, clonal proliferation of one cell type, and the infiltration of bone marrow or lymphoid tissue. Learn about the common features and incidence rates of leukaemias.
