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Pathogenesis of WBC Neoplasm and Leukaemia
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Pathogenesis of WBC Neoplasm and Leukaemia

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Questions and Answers

What can cause severe megaloblastic anaemia?

  • Malignant infiltration
  • Bone marrow failure (correct)
  • Autoimmune agents
  • Hypersplenism

    • Which disorder is characterized by lymphadenopathy as a clinical feature?

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (correct)
  • Infectious mononucleosis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Pancytopenia

    • What can lead to severe neutropenia?

  • Cytotoxic drug therapy (correct)
  • Infectious mononucleosis
  • Autoimmune agents
  • Tuberculosis

    • In which condition can lymphocytosis be extreme in children?

    <p>Infectious mononucleosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease involves malignancies of myeloid and lymphoid systems?

    <p>Leukaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature of lymphoma?

    <p>Lymphadenopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with lymphocytosis?

    <p>Acute viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is typical of acute leukaemia?

    <p>There is no spleen enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the B-symptoms associated with lymphoma?

    <p>Fever, night sweats, weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukemia involves the accumulation of blast cells in the bone marrow?

    <p>Acute myeloid leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of lymphomas are of T cell origin?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic lymphocyte count in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)?

    <p>&gt; 100x10^6 /l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukaemia has a chromosome translocation resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome?

    <p>Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature of chronic leukaemia?

    <p>Hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphoma is commonly associated with Reed-Sternberg cells?

    <p>Hodgkin's Lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the typical B symptoms associated with Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

    <p>Fever, weight loss, sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age group does Hodgkin's Lymphoma commonly peak?

    <p>3rd decade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neoplasm involves the infiltration of organs such as liver, spleen, and lymph nodes by neoplastic cells?

    <p>Acute myeloblastic leukaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukaemia is most common in children?

    <p>Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important consequence of leukaemias according to the text?

    <p>Bone marrow failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification system includes categories like M0-M7 and L1-L3?

    <p>FAB classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of leukaemia do blast cells divide but fail to differentiate and appear in the blood?

    <p>Acute leukaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia according to the text?

    <p>&gt;50 years age group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lymphocytes?

    <p>Immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by massive leucocytosis and the presence of immature cells?

    <p>Leukemoid reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic significance of eosinophilia?

    <p>Parasitic infestation or allergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophilia is a condition where neutrophils are elevated. What is the normal range for neutrophils in the blood?

    <p>$20 - 40$%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of neutropenia?

    <p>Myeloproliferative disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of disorder do we see an increase in total white cell numbers along with neoplasia of leucopoietic tissue?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphocytosis is commonly associated with bacterial infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutropenia can be caused by drugs like steroids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leukaemia is characterized by a decrease in total white cell numbers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basophil leucocytosis is a common diagnostic sign of myeloproliferative disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophilia can be a physiological response during exercise.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eosinophilia is only caused by viral infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic leukaemias in adults may not be seen in children.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is characterized by myelocyte proliferation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CML/CGL is often associated with a chromosome translocation resulting in the Philadelphia chromosome.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are more common than Hodgkin's lymphoma in the UK.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hodgkin's Lymphoma is commonly linked to a genetic predisposition.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reed-Sternberg cells are multinucleate T lymphocytes found in Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphocytosis is a common feature of acute leukaemia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reed-Sternberg cells are present in acute leukaemia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutrophilia is a common feature of lymphoma.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tissue necrosis can lead to lymphocytosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Haemorrhage usually results in leucopenia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute leukaemia accounts for about 45% of all leukaemia cases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is more common in individuals over 50 years of age.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is mostly seen in adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) falls under the category of acute leukaemia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone marrow failure is not a significant consequence of leukaemias.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neoplastic cells in leukaemias mainly infiltrate the muscles and bones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Severe neutropenia is defined as having a neutrophil count lower than 1.5x10^9/L.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is an example of a neoplastic disorder of white blood cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) predominantly occurs in lymphoid tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypersplenism is a common clinical feature of severe megaloblastic anaemia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leukaemias predominantly occur in lymphoid tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infectious mononucleosis is an example of a chronic infection that can cause lymphocytosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • White blood cells (leucocytes) consist of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, each with specific functions such as fighting infection.
    • Normal white cell values include total white cells, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and platelets with specific ranges for each.
    • Leucopoiesis involves myeloid and lymphoid stem cells giving rise to different types of white blood cells through a process of differentiation.
    • Disorders of white blood cells can lead to leucocytosis (increased total numbers), leucopenia (decreased total numbers), leukemia (neoplasia of white blood cell precursors), and leukaemoid reaction (massive increase in white blood cells due to chronic infections).
    • Diagnostic value of changes in white blood cells include neutrophil leucocytosis in bacterial infections, lymphocytosis in viral infections, eosinophilia in parasitic infestations or allergies, and monocytosis in chronic bacterial infections or malignant neoplasms.
    • Neutrophilia (neutrophil leucocytosis) is characterized by an increase in neutrophils above normal levels and can be caused by various factors such as bacterial infections, inflammation, or malignancies.
    • Neutropenia, on the other hand, is a condition where neutrophil levels are decreased, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, and can be caused by viral infections, medications, autoimmune conditions, or bone marrow failure.
    • Leukemias and lymphomas are neoplastic disorders of white blood cells, with leukemias predominantly affecting bone marrow and circulating blood, while lymphomas primarily involve lymphoid tissue.

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    Description

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