Questions and Answers
Pneumothorax is associated with what?
What is deposited in alveolar proteinosis?
PAS positive material
Sclerosing hemangioma stains most strongly and consistently for ___
TTF-1 and EMA
Carcinoid tumor is negative for synaptophysin.
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What markers are used for IHC in mesothelial cells?
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What is used for IHC in mesothelioma?
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What does Napsin A, Ber EP4, CK7, TTF-1 indicate?
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What can remote asbestos exposure cause?
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Clear cell (sugar) tumor of the lung stains positive for?
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Clear cell lung tumor contains ___
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What mutations are associated with PEComas?
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Bronchogenic cysts are composed of malignant epithelium.
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What is suggestive of lipoid pneumonia?
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Lung adenocarcinomas tend to stain with which markers?
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Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is most common in which demographic?
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___ mutations are more common in smokers.
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EGFR mutations are more common in which group?
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ALK-EML4 mutations are most common in?
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Study Notes
Pneumothorax
- Increased levels of interleukin-5 and eosinophils found in pleural fluid.
Alveolar Proteinosis
- Characterized by deposition of PAS positive material in alveoli.
- Results from impaired turnover of surfactant.
- Involves type II pneumocytes and macrophages.
Sclerosing Hemangioma
- Strongly and consistently stains for TTF-1 and EMA.
- Positive for pan-cytokeratins and CK7.
- Misnomer for sclerosing pneumocytoma.
- Four histological patterns: papillary, sclerosed, hemorrhagic, and solid.
- Composed of papillae, round cells, and cuboidal cells; benign but can mimic malignancy.
Carcinoid Tumor
- Positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, and cytokeratins.
Mesothelial Cells Identification
- Identified through IHC markers: WT-1, calretinin, D2-40, desmin.
Mesothelioma Identification
- IHC markers include WT-1, calretinin, D2-40, and EMA.
Adenocarcinoma Identification
- Stains for Napsin A, Ber EP4, CK7, TTF-1, and sometimes CK20.
Asbestos Exposure
- Remote exposure results in benign parietal pleural plaques, made of hyalinized collagen.
- Common in individuals with a history of construction work.
Clear Cell (Sugar) Tumor of the Lung
- Stains positive for HMB45 and S100.
- Part of PEComa family, which includes lymphangioleiomyomatosis, angiomyolipoma, and others.
- Positive for melanocytic and smooth muscle markers; generally benign.
Clear Cell Lung Tumor
- Contains PAS positive glycogen and is classified as generally benign.
Tuberous Sclerosis
- Associated with TSC1 and TSC2 mutations in PEComas.
Bronchogenic Cysts
- Most common at the carina level; composed of benign epithelium with ciliated cells.
CMV Pneumonia
- The notes do not provide specific details on this condition.
Lipoid Pneumonia
- Characterized by empty spaces (lipids) and inflammatory cells.
Lung Adenocarcinomas
- Typically stains with TTF-1, Napsin A, CK7, and Ber EP4.
- Mucinous or mixed components may also show CK20 positivity.
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
- Most prevalent in young to middle-aged adults with a smoking history.
- Langerhans cells demonstrate positivity for CD1a and S100 via IHC.
- Electron microscopy reveals Birbeck granules resembling tennis rackets.
KRAS Mutations
- More prevalent in smokers.
EGFR Mutations
- More common in female non-smokers, particularly with adenocarcinoma featuring bronchioalveolar characteristics; responsive to anti-EGFR therapy.
ALK-EML4 Mutations
- Frequent in non-smokers and light smokers, younger patients, and associated with acinar morphology; linked to resistance against EGFR inhibitors.
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Test your knowledge with these PathDojo flashcards focusing on pneumothorax, alveolar proteinosis, and sclerosing hemangioma. Each card includes key terms associated with important lung diseases and their characteristics. Perfect for students studying pulmonary pathology!
