Pastoral Epistles and Hebrews Overview
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Questions and Answers

When were the Pastoral epistles likely written? From where?

In the mid 60s, from Rome.

Who are Timothy and Titus?

Timothy is the bishop of Ephesus, and Titus is the bishop of Crete.

What are three suggestions given by Paul to help limit apostasy?

  • Testify of the truth and your experiences (correct)
  • Pray for guidance and support
  • Punish those who stray from the faith
  • Stick to the scriptures (correct)
  • Avoid associating with non-believers
  • Be an example to the believers (correct)
  • What are two major problems Paul identifies in the churches?

    <p>Rogue teachers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can we say about the role of women in the early Christian church? Who were Phebe and Junia? What are some ways of interpreting Paul's rather harsh language toward women in 1 Timothy?

    <p>Women played significant roles in the early church, with individuals like Phebe, a deacon, and Junia, an apostle, being recognized for their leadership. Paul's admonitions to women in 1 Timothy are likely directed specifically to the context of Ephesus, a city where women held prominent positions in the worship of Artemis and were accustomed to wielding power. It's important to interpret his words within their historical context and not as applying universally to all women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can we say about the authorship of Hebrews? Genre? Date?

    <p>Early 60s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hebrews, "Paul" argues that Jesus is greater than what?

    <p>Jesus is greater than the entire Jewish system: angels, the Day of Atonement, the temple, the high priest, Joshua, and Moses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does "Paul" compare Jesus to Melchizedek? Abraham to Melchizedek?

    <p>The author of Hebrews argues that Abraham is greater than Melchizedek, and Jesus is greater than Melchizedek, establishing Jesus's priesthood as superior to the Abrahamic priesthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the three items inside the Ark of the Covenant?

    <p>The two stone tablets that made the 10 commandments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two areas of the Jewish Temple? Into which would the high priest enter into to shed blood?

    <p>The Holy Place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Know the basics the "Day of Atonement" ritual, such as the scapegoat and the shedding of blood

    <p>The Day of Atonement, or Yom Kippur, was a solemn day of atonement when the high priest would enter the Holy of Holies to offer sacrifices. He would place the sins of the people upon a scapegoat, which was then cast out into the wilderness, symbolizing the removal of sin. The blood of a second goat was sprinkled on the Ark of the Covenant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Christology of Hebrews?

    <p>Hebrews presents a low Christology, focusing more on Jesus's human nature than his divine nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hebrews, does Jesus understand temptation? Sin?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When were these two letters (1 and 2 Peter) likely written?

    <p>The letters of 1 Peter and 2 Peter were likely written in the mid 60s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Peter traditionally die?

    <p>According to tradition, Peter was crucified upside down in Rome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the three reasons why Christians were persecuted?

    <p>Immorality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To what does Peter compare the suffering of Christians?

    <p>Peter compares the suffering of Christians to the suffering of Jesus Christ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a religio licita? A superstitio?

    <p>Authorized religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to have your calling and election made sure?

    <p>In this context, it means having a guarantee of salvation and exaltation in the Celestial kingdom during one's lifetime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the serious heresy Peter identifies in 2 Peter 3?

    <p>The heresy Peter addresses is the scoffing of some individuals regarding the second coming of Christ, questioning its reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Peter say about Paul?

    <p>Peter acknowledges that Paul's writings can be difficult to understand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Docetism? Adoptionism?

    <p>Docetism is the belief that Jesus only appeared to have a physical body, and was actually a spirit. Adoptionism is the belief that Jesus was a normal human being who was later adopted by God and given divine power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does God show his love for us? We for him?

    <p>We keep His commandments and love one another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is 2 John addressed to?

    <p>2 John is addressed to &quot;the elect lady&quot; and her children, which is often interpreted as referring to a church and its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What city did John likely write these letters from?

    <p>John most likely wrote his letters from Ephesus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Diotrephes?

    <p>Diotrephes is a rogue leader within the church who excommunicates John and refuses to follow his instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is James? When does he die?

    <p>James was the brother of Jesus and served as the bishop of Jerusalem. He is believed to have died in 62 AD, along with Peter and Paul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of letter is James? How is it different from other NT documents?

    <p>James is a letter addressed to the twelve tribes scattered abroad, rather than to specific churches. It is more practical in nature, offering advice rather than presenting theological arguments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does James mean when he discusses faith? Works?

    <p>Faith: What you say, Works: What you do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was this letter (James) important for Joseph Smith?

    <p>The letter of James served as a catalyst for Joseph Smith's first vision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does James define "true religion"?

    <p>True religion, according to James, is defined by how it lifts up those at the bottom and helps its members. It is characterized by actions of compassion and service to the needy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is Jude? What problem is he responding to?

    <p>Jude was one of Jesus's brothers. He is responding to individuals who are misusing grace as an excuse to engage in immoral behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Jude's primary message, and how does he make his argument?

    <p>Jude's primary message is to encourage the faithful to stand firm against false teachings and to maintain their devotion to God. He makes his argument by citing Old Testament examples of God's judgment upon those who stray from his path.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Specifically, what OT figures does he refer to and why?

    <p>Balaam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What non-canonical texts does he cite?

    <p>The Book of Enoch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the author (Revelation)? What other texts is he responsible for?

    <p>The author of Revelation is John, who also wrote three letters and a gospel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does apocalypsis mean?

    <p>Apocalypsis means &quot;to unveil&quot; or &quot;to reveal.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of an "apocalypse"?

    <p>Visions of the heavens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three keys to understanding Revelation?

    <p>Revelation is largely symbolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many churches is this document addressed to?

    <p>Revelation is addressed to seven churches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the items promised to those who "overcome?"

    <p>Pillar in the temple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Lamb? What item does the Lamb take out of the hand of God?

    <p>The Lamb is Christ, who takes the sealed scroll from God's hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might the four horsemen represent? The seven seals?

    <p>The four horsemen and the seven seals can represent either specific events or broader eras of history. They serve as symbolic representations of challenging times and divine judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the number 666 likely refer to? 144,000? 3 ½?

    <p>The number 666 is often interpreted as a code representing Roman Emperor Nero Caesar, while 144,000 represents the chosen people of God, and 3 ½ symbolizes a period of apostasy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the seal given to the elect located? Why?

    <p>The seal of the elect is located on their foreheads, symbolizing their visible commitment to God and their distinct identity as his followers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the three beasts in Revelation 13 represent?

    <p>The three beasts in Revelation 13 represent a false trinity, symbolizing the opposition to and distortion of the true God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the battle of Armageddon be like?

    <p>The battle of Armageddon will not be a physical conflict but a decisive victory of God's forces over evil, led by Jesus Christ himself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the harlot and the dragon represent? The lamb and the bride?

    <p>The harlot represents the Great and Abominable Church, the dragon represents Babylon, the lamb represents Jesus Christ, and the bride represents the Church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should we understand the warning of the book to not add or remove text?

    <p>The warning to not add or remove text from Revelation specifically pertains to the book itself, not the entire Bible. It emphasizes the importance of preserving the original message and avoiding alterations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pastoral Epistles

    • Likely written in Rome in the mid-60s.
    • Timothy was the bishop of Ephesus, and Titus the bishop of Crete.

    Paul's Suggestions to Limit Apostasy

    • Set a good example for believers.
    • Adhere to scripture.
    • Testify about the truth and personal experiences.

    Major Problems in Churches

    • False teachings.
    • Rogue teachers.

    Women in Early Church

    • Women in Ephesus held leadership roles, as they were accustomed to leading worship of Artemis.
    • Phebe was a deacon and Junia an apostle, highlighted by Paul in Romans.
    • Paul's language toward women was likely directed at specific women associated with Artemis worship, not all women.

    Hebrews

    • Genre: Letter-like sermon.
    • Likely not authored by Paul.
    • Written in the early 60s.

    Jesus as Superior in Hebrews

    • Jesus is superior to Judaism regarding angels, the Day of Atonement, the temple, high priests, Joshua, and Moses.
    • Compares Jesus to Melchizedek, emphasizing Jesus's greater priesthood.
    • Compares Abraham to Melchizedek, arguing that Jesus's priesthood is greater.

    Ark of the Covenant

    • Contained Aaron's rod, the stone tablets of the Ten Commandments, and the pot of manna.

    Jewish Temple

    • Composed of the Holy Place and the Holy of Holies.
    • The high priest entered the Holy of Holies.

    Day of Atonement Ritual

    • High priest entered the Holy of Holies on Yom Kippur.
    • Sins were transferred to a scapegoat.
    • Blood of a sacrificed goat was sprinkled on the Ark of the Covenant.

    Christology of Hebrews

    • Low Christology: Emphasis on Jesus's humanity more than divinity.

    Temptation and Sin in Hebrews

    • Jesus experienced temptation, but whether he understood sin is ambiguous.

    1 and 2 Peter

    • Likely written in the mid-60s.
    • Peter died by crucifixion upside down in Rome.

    Christian Persecution

    • Reasons:
      • Romans viewed Christianity as a threat to the empire.
      • Fear of cannibalism (referencing the sacrament).
      • Perceptions of immorality.

    Suffering in Christianity

    • Peter compared Christian suffering to that of Jesus.

    Religio Licita and Superstitio

    • Religio Licita: Authorized religion, legally protected.
    • Superstitio: Suspicious religion, not protected by Rome.

    Calling and Election

    • Assurance of salvation in the Celestial kingdom while still alive.
    • One's exaltation is assured in this life.

    Heresy in 2 Peter

    • Denial of the Second Coming.

    Peter on Paul

    • Peter found Paul challenging to understand.

    Docetism and Adoptionism

    • Docetism: Jesus did not have a physical body.
    • Adoptionism: Jesus was a man later given spiritual power.

    God's Love and Humanity

    • God adopted humanity and sent his Son.
    • People show love by keeping commandments and loving others.

    2 John

    • Addressed to "the elect lady" and her children (likely a church).

    John's Writing Location

    • Likely Ephesus.

    Diotrephes

    • Rogue leader who excommunicated John.

    James

    • Brother of Jesus, Bishop of Jerusalem, died in 62 AD.

    James's Letter

    • Letter to the twelve tribes scattered abroad, not churches.
    • Advice, not argumentation.

    James on Faith and Works

    • Faith: Loyalty and trust.
    • Works: Actions of righteousness.

    James's Importance to Joseph Smith

    • Catalyst for the first vision.

    James on True Religion

    • Elevating the poor and helping the needy.

    Jude

    • Jesus's brother, confronting those using grace as an excuse for behavior.

    Jude's Message

    • God is a god of justice, supported by Old Testament examples of divine retribution.

    OT Figures in Jude

    • Israelites, Sodom and Gomorrah, fallen angels, Cain and Abel, Balaam, and Korah.

    Non-Canonical Texts in Jude

    • The Assumption of Moses and 1st Enoch.

    Revelation's Authorship

    • John, author of three letters and the Gospel.

    Apocalypsis

    • Unveiling.

    Apocalypse Characteristics

    • Visions of the heavens.
    • Mountain setting.
    • Angel as guide.
    • Future knowledge.

    Keys to Understanding Revelation

    • Avoid one-to-one correlations.
    • Revelation is largely symbolic.
    • Literal and metaphorical reading intended.

    Churches in Revelation

    • Addressed to seven churches.

    Promises to Overcomers

    • Crown, throne, white stone, new name, white raiment, iron rod, pillar in the temple, hidden manna.

    Lamb and the Sealed Scroll

    • Lamb is Christ.
    • Christ takes the sealed scroll out of God's hand.

    Four Horsemen and Seven Seals

    • Symbolic, possibly representing different time periods or problems.

    Numbers in Revelation

    • 666: Likely Roman Emperor Nero Caesar,
    • 144,000: The elect.
    • 3.5: Time of apostasy.

    Forehead Seal

    • On the forehead because allegiance cannot be hidden.

    Three Beasts in Revelation 13

    • Representing a deceptive trinity.

    Battle of Armageddon

    • Jesus's victory, not a physical battle.

    Harlot, Dragon, Lamb, and Bride

    • Harlot: Great and apostate church.
    • Dragon: Babylon.
    • Lamb: Jesus Christ.
    • Bride: The church.

    Warning Against Altering Revelation

    • Don't alter the book of Revelation specifically.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the content and themes of the Pastoral Epistles and the Letter to the Hebrews. It covers important figures, teachings, and the context of the early church, including issues of leadership and the role of women. Understand the distinctions made by Paul regarding false teachings and the superiority of Jesus over Judaism.

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