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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes a critical factor when choosing a cryptographic hash function for password storage?
Which of the following best describes a critical factor when choosing a cryptographic hash function for password storage?
- The hash function should be easily reversible to allow quick password recovery.
- The hash function should not use a salt to ensure uniqueness and prevent rainbow table attacks.
- The hash function should be slow and computationally intensive (e.g., using bcrypt or Argon2) to hinder brute-force attacks. (correct)
- The hash function should be extremely fast to compute, minimizing server load during authentication.
How does salting enhance password security when using a hash function?
How does salting enhance password security when using a hash function?
- Salting adds a unique, random string to each password before hashing, making rainbow table attacks ineffective. (correct)
- Salting makes the hash output shorter, saving storage space.
- Salting ensures that the stored passwords match common dictionary words.
- Salting reduces the computational complexity of the hashing algorithm.
Which of the following is a primary advantage of using adaptive hashing algorithms like Argon2 over standard algorithms like SHA256 for password storage?
Which of the following is a primary advantage of using adaptive hashing algorithms like Argon2 over standard algorithms like SHA256 for password storage?
- Adaptive hashing algorithms can be configured to resist both CPU and GPU-based attacks by adjusting memory and computational costs. (correct)
- Adaptive hashing algorithms are faster to compute, resulting in quicker authentication times.
- Adaptive hashing algorithms guarantee collision-free outputs, ensuring each password has a unique hash.
- Adaptive hashing algorithms only require small amounts of memory, making them suitable for embedded systems.
What is the purpose of 'key stretching' in the context of password-based key derivation?
What is the purpose of 'key stretching' in the context of password-based key derivation?
Why is it important to regularly update the hashing algorithm used for password storage?
Why is it important to regularly update the hashing algorithm used for password storage?
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Study Notes
Book Information
- Title: Academic Year 2018-19
- Publisher: Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore
- Grade Level: 12
- Serial Number: 16401379
- Code: 8988687
- Publication Date: April 2018
- Edition: First
Important Figures and Quotation
- Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Founder of Pakistan): "Education is the solution to the life and death issue for the betterment of Pakistan."
- Quaid-e-Azam: "Pakistan came into being the day the first Hindu became a Muslim."
- Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah: "India was never a single country or a single nation. Problem of India is an international problem and the existing differences are based on cultural, social and economic nature."
- Quaid-e-Azam: "What is the bond which makes all Muslims one body? What is the rock on which the edifice of this community is built? What is the anchor which secures the ship of the community? That bond, that rock and that anchor is the book of Allah, the Quran."
Protection of Textbooks
- Security mark with a monogram in orange, that changes to green when viewed at an angle.
- The monogram shows the word "PCTB" underneath.
- To verify authenticity, send the code from the security mark to 8070.
- If the serial number of the book is received as a response to the SMS, it is genuine.
Chapter Summaries
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Chapter 1: Pakistan Movement
- Discusses the reasons behind the creation of Pakistan and the significance of the ideology of Pakistan.
- Emphasizes a distinct identity for Muslims in the subcontinent, emphasizing that their system is different from Hinduism.
- Highlights Quaid-e-Azam's role and contribution to the Pakistan Movement.
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Chapter 2: Ideology of Pakistan
- Defines Ideology as a set of principles and beliefs that form the basis of a nation or civilization.
- Establishes Islam as the ideology of Pakistan, emphasizing it as a comprehensive way of life.
- Examines the historical context of Muslims in the subcontinent, highlighting persecution and the need for a separate homeland.
- Describes the efforts of eminent Muslim leaders in the subcontinent including Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Quaid-e-Azam, and Allama Iqbal and their contributions for the creation of Pakistan.
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Chapter 3: Significance of Pakistan ideology
- Discusses the importance of the ideology and its need for national unity, especially the unity and resolve in the face of external threats.
- Shows the significance of the ideology in maintaining unity among people who speak different languages, practice different religions and belong to diverse ethnic groups.
- Explains that deviation from ideological principles poses risks for the nation.
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Chapter 4: Social Order in Pakistan
- Defines social order and its significance in maintaining justice, equity, and authority in a nation.
- Examines social order in the context of Islamic values and traditions.
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Additional chapters cover various topics like the 1935 Act, the 1940 Resolution, the 3rd June 1947 Plan, and the role of the police, and so on.
General Information
- The book discusses Pakistan's history, various political movements like the Khilafat Movement and the Aligarh movement, and constitutional development, including the 1947, 1956, and 1962 Constitutions.
- The book covers Pakistan's relations with its neighbours, including India, China, and Afghanistan, and engagement with international organizations like the United Nations.
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Description
Explore password storage with cryptographic hash functions. Learn about salting, adaptive hashing algorithms like Argon2, and key stretching. Understand the importance of regularly updating hashing algorithms for enhanced security.
