Parts of the Arms and Their Functions

Digestive System

• The body breaks down food into nutrients through digestion
• The esophagus carries chewed food from the mouth to the stomach
• The stomach mixes food with stomach enzymes and holds food before it goes into the small intestine
• The small intestine digests and absorbs nutrients from food
• The liver filters blood from the digestive tract and produces bile to remove waste
• The pancreas creates enzymes to break down food and hormones to carry messages through the body
• The gallbladder stores liver bile during digestion
• The large intestine (colon, bowel) absorbs water and vitamins for the body
• The rectum stores waste and the anus pushes waste out of the body as a bowel movement

Urinary System

• The urinary system balances the body by eliminating waste through urine
• The kidneys remove waste from the body, balance fluids, and send waste to the bladder
• The ureters bring urine to the bladder from the kidneys
• The bladder stores urine before urination
• The urethra brings urine out of the body during urination

Respiratory System

• The respiratory system receives oxygen through respiration (breathing) and expels carbon dioxide from the body
• The nostrils inhale air during breathing
• The nasal cavity keeps foreign particles out of the respiratory tract and makes mucus to keep the nose moist
• The oral cavity connects to the trachea
• The larynx (voice box) creates speech sounds and regulates airflow into the lungs
• The trachea connects to the lungs
• The bronchial tubes bring air into the lungs
• The lungs bring oxygen into the body through blood vessels and take carbon dioxide out of the body through exhalation

Muscular System

• The muscular system enables the body to move
• The arms are divided into different parts:
  • The shoulder connects the upper arm to the torso
  • The forearm connects the arm to the wrist
  • The hand connects the fingers to the hand
  • The fingers have fine motor skills (writing, pinching, gripping)
• The legs are divided into different parts:
  • The thigh connects the leg to the knee
  • The shin connects the knee to the ankle
  • The foot connects the ankle to the toes
  • The toes have fine motor skills (walking, running, balance)

Torso

• The torso is the middle of the body where the arms and legs branch off
• The teeth are in the mouth and chew food
• The skull protects the brain
• The backbone (vertebrae) protects the spinal cord and stabilizes the body
• The ribcage protects the heart, lungs, and internal organs
• The pelvis supports body weight and internal organs
• Tendons and ligaments connect bones to other bones and allow joints to move and bend

Body Systems, Functions, and Organs

• The body systems include:
  • Respiratory (breathing)
  • Cardiovascular/Circulatory (blood circulation)
  • Digestive (processing food)
  • Endocrine (hormone production)
  • Waste elimination (removing waste)
  • Reproductive (reproduction)
  • Nervous/Sensory (communication between and coordination of all body systems)
• Each system has specific organs and functions that work together to keep the body healthy.