Parts of Speech Overview

Nouns: Names of people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., cat, city, love).
- Types: Proper (specific names), Common (general names), Abstract (ideas), Concrete (physical objects).
Verbs: Action or state of being words (e.g., run, is).
- Types: Action (physical or mental actions), Linking (connects subject to complement), Auxiliary (helper verbs).
Adjectives: Words that describe nouns (e.g., blue, tall, interesting).
- Comparative (e.g., taller), Superlative (e.g., tallest).
Adverbs: Describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very).
- Often end in -ly, but not exclusively.
Pronouns: Replace nouns (e.g., he, she, it).
- Types: Personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, demonstrative.
Prepositions: Show relationships between nouns and other words (e.g., in, on, at).
- Often indicate direction, time, or location.
Conjunctions: Connect words or groups of words (e.g., and, but, or).
- Types: Coordinating, subordinating, correlative.

Simple Sentence: Contains a subject and a verb (e.g., The dog barks).
Compound Sentence: Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., She likes tea, but he prefers coffee).
Complex Sentence: One independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., Although it was raining, we went for a walk).
Compound-Complex Sentence: At least two independent clauses and one dependent clause (e.g., Though she was tired, she finished her homework, and she went to bed).

Present Tense: Describes current actions (e.g., I walk).
Past Tense: Describes actions completed in the past (e.g., I walked).
Future Tense: Describes actions that will happen (e.g., I will walk).
Perfect Tenses:
- Present Perfect (e.g., I have walked),
- Past Perfect (e.g., I had walked),
- Future Perfect (e.g., I will have walked).

Subject-Verb Agreement: Subjects and verbs must agree in number (e.g., She runs vs. They run).
Misplaced Modifiers: Words or phrases that are placed awkwardly in a sentence, leading to confusion.
Run-on Sentences: Two or more independent clauses incorrectly joined without proper punctuation.
Fragments: Incomplete sentences that lack a main clause.

Active Voice: The subject performs the action (e.g., The cat chased the mouse).
Passive Voice: The subject receives the action (e.g., The mouse was chased by the cat).

Nouns: Identify people, places, things, or ideas; categorized as Proper (specific), Common (general), Abstract (ideas), and Concrete (physical).
Verbs: Indicate action or state; divided into Action (physical or mental), Linking (connects subject to complement), and Auxiliary (helper verbs).
Adjectives: Describe nouns with qualities; includes forms such as Comparative (e.g., taller) and Superlative (e.g., tallest).
Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs; typically end in -ly, but may vary.
Pronouns: Substitute for nouns; encompass Personal, Possessive, Reflexive, Relative, and Demonstrative types.
Prepositions: Express relationships of nouns with other words, often signifying direction, time, or location (e.g., in, on, at).
Conjunctions: Link words/groups; includes Coordinating, Subordinating, and Correlative types.

Simple Sentence: Comprises a single subject and verb (e.g., The dog barks).
Compound Sentence: Combines two independent clauses with a conjunction (e.g., She likes tea, but he prefers coffee).
Complex Sentence: Features one independent and at least one dependent clause (e.g., Although it was raining, we went for a walk).
Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains at least two independent and one dependent clause (e.g., Though she was tired, she finished her homework, and she went to bed).

Present Tense: Relates to current actions (e.g., I walk).
Past Tense: Refers to actions completed in the past (e.g., I walked).
Future Tense: Discusses actions expected to occur (e.g., I will walk).
Perfect Tenses:
- Present Perfect: Describes actions completed at some point (e.g., I have walked).
- Past Perfect: Highlights actions completed before another past event (e.g., I had walked).
- Future Perfect: Indicates actions that will be completed by a specific future point (e.g., I will have walked).

Subject-Verb Agreement: Subject and verb must match in number (e.g., She runs vs. They run).
Misplaced Modifiers: Phrases positioned awkwardly in sentences may cause confusion.
Run-on Sentences: Incorrectly fused independent clauses due to lack of punctuation.
Fragments: Incomplete thoughts lacking a main clause.

Active Voice: The subject performs the action (e.g., The cat chased the mouse).
Passive Voice: The subject receives the action (e.g., The mouse was chased by the cat).