Parts of Speech Overview

Nouns: Names of people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., cat, city, love).
- Types: Common, proper, abstract, collective.
Pronouns: Replace nouns to avoid repetition (e.g., he, she, it).
- Types: Personal, possessive, reflexive, demonstrative, interrogative.
Verbs: Indicate actions or states of being (e.g., run, is).
- Types: Action, linking, auxiliary.
- Tenses: Present, past, future, perfect.
Adjectives: Describe or modify nouns (e.g., blue, quick).
- Types: Descriptive, demonstrative, possessive, interrogative.
Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very).
- Types: Manner, place, time, frequency, degree.
Prepositions: Show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words (e.g., in, on, at).
Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or).
- Types: Coordinating, subordinating, correlative.
Interjections: Express strong feelings or sudden emotions (e.g., wow, ouch).

Simple Sentences: Contain one independent clause (e.g., She runs).
Compound Sentences: Contain two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., She runs, and he swims).
Complex Sentences: Contain one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., Although she runs, he swims).
Compound-Complex Sentences: Contain at least two independent clauses and one dependent clause (e.g., She runs, and he swims because he enjoys it).

Present: Describes current actions or states.
Past: Describes actions that occurred in the past.
Future: Describes actions that will occur.
Perfect Tenses: Indicate completed actions (e.g., present perfect, past perfect).

Misplaced modifiers: Ensure modifiers are close to the word they describe.
Run-on sentences: Use appropriate punctuation to separate clauses.
Fragment sentences: Ensure sentences are complete with a subject and verb.
Pronoun-antecedent agreement: Pronouns must agree with the nouns they replace in number and gender.

Active Voice: Subject performs the action (e.g., The cat chased the mouse).
Passive Voice: Subject receives the action (e.g., The mouse was chased by the cat).

Nouns: Identify people, places, things, or ideas; includes common (general items), proper (specific names), abstract (concepts), and collective (groups).
Pronouns: Serve as substitutes for nouns to enhance fluency; classified into personal (specific individuals), possessive (ownership), reflexive (self-reference), demonstrative (specific items), and interrogative (questions).
Verbs: Express actions or states; categorized as action (performing activities), linking (connecting subject with complement), and auxiliary (helping verbs for tense). Verbs have tenses: present (ongoing), past (completed), future (to occur), perfect (completed actions).
Adjectives: Provide description or modification of nouns; differentiated into descriptive (qualities), demonstrative (pointing out), possessive (belonging), and interrogative (questions).
Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, clarifying manner (how), place (where), time (when), frequency (how often), and degree (extent).
Prepositions: Establish relationships between nouns/pronouns and other elements in sentences; examples include 'in', 'on', 'at'.
Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or clauses; types are coordinating (linking equal parts), subordinating (linking dependent and independent clauses), and correlative (paired connections).
Interjections: Convey strong emotions or sudden reactions; examples include 'wow' and 'ouch'.

Simple Sentences: Comprise one independent clause, expressing a complete thought (e.g., "She runs").
Compound Sentences: Feature two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., "She runs, and he swims").
Complex Sentences: Combine an independent clause with at least one dependent clause (e.g., "Although she runs, he swims").
Compound-Complex Sentences: Incorporate multiple independent clauses and one dependent clause (e.g., "She runs, and he swims because he enjoys it").

Must maintain consistency in number (singular/plural); collective nouns depend on context for agreement.

Present: For current actions.
Past: For actions already completed.
Future: For actions that will happen.
Perfect Tenses: Indicate completed actions, including present and past perfect.

Misplaced Modifiers: Should be positioned near the words they modify.
Run-On Sentences: Proper punctuation needed to separate clauses.
Fragment Sentences: Full sentences must have both subject and verb.
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement: Pronouns should match the nouns they substitute in number and gender.

Active Voice: The subject carries out the action (e.g., "The cat chased the mouse").
Passive Voice: The subject receives the action (e.g., "The mouse was chased by the cat").