Parts of Speech Overview

Nouns: Names of people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., cat, city).
- Types: Common (general), Proper (specific), Abstract (ideas), Collective (groups).
Verbs: Action or state of being (e.g., run, is).
- Types: Transitive (needs object), Intransitive (does not need object), Linking (connects subject to subject complement).
Adjectives: Describe or modify nouns (e.g., blue, quick).
- Can indicate quantity (e.g., three), quality (e.g., happy), or state (e.g., broken).
Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very).
- Answer questions like how, when, where, and to what extent.
Pronouns: Replace nouns to avoid repetition (e.g., he, they, it).
- Types: Personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, demonstrative, interrogative, indefinite.
Prepositions: Show relationships between nouns or pronouns and other words (e.g., in, on, at).
- Often indicate time, place, or direction.
Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or).
- Types: Coordinating, subordinating, correlative.
Interjections: Express emotions or exclamations (e.g., wow, ouch).

Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause (e.g., She runs).
Compound Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., She runs, and he walks).
Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., Although she was tired, she ran).
Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause (e.g., She runs because she loves it, and he walks).

Present Tense: Describes current actions (e.g., I run).
- Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.
Past Tense: Describes completed actions (e.g., I ran).
- Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.
Future Tense: Describes actions that will happen (e.g., I will run).
- Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.

Active Voice: Subject performs the action (e.g., The chef cooked the meal).
Passive Voice: Subject receives the action (e.g., The meal was cooked by the chef).

Nouns identify people, places, things, or ideas. Types include common, proper, abstract, and collective.
Verbs express actions or states of being. They can be transitive, intransitive, or linking.
Adjectives describe nouns, indicating quantity, quality, or state.
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, answering questions about how, when, where, and to what extent.
Pronouns replace nouns to prevent repetition, with types including personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, demonstrative, interrogative, and indefinite.
Prepositions express relationships among nouns or pronouns, often indicating time, place, or direction.
Conjunctions connect words, phrases, or clauses, categorized as coordinating, subordinating, or correlative.
Interjections convey emotions or exclamations.

Simple sentences consist of one independent clause; e.g., "She runs."
Compound sentences contain multiple independent clauses joined by conjunctions; e.g., "She runs, and he walks."
Complex sentences feature one independent clause and at least one dependent clause; e.g., "Although she was tired, she ran."
Compound-complex sentences contain two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause; e.g., "She runs because she loves it, and he walks."

Present tense describes current actions with categories such as simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.
Past tense indicates completed actions, also categorized into simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.
Future tense outlines actions that will occur, similarly classified as simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous.

Subjects and verbs must agree in number; singular subjects use singular verbs, while plural subjects use plural verbs.

In active voice, the subject performs the action; e.g., "The chef cooked the meal."
In passive voice, the subject receives the action; e.g., "The meal was cooked by the chef."