Parts of Speech Flashcards - Chapter 1

Parts of Speech Overview

• Eight parts of speech include noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

Noun

• A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.
• Common nouns are not capitalized, while proper nouns are always capitalized.

Pronoun

• Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition.
• Personal pronouns include categories based on person (first, second, third).

Verb

• Verbs indicate action or state of being.

Adverb

• Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, answering questions related to how, where, and when.

Conjunction

• Conjunctions connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences cohesively.

Interjection

• Interjections express strong feelings or emotions, often standing alone.

Common vs. Proper Nouns

• Common nouns refer to general items, while proper nouns specify unique entities.

Concrete vs. Abstract Nouns

• Concrete nouns are perceivable by senses; abstract nouns represent ideas or qualities.

Compound Nouns

• Compound nouns consist of two or more words combined to form a single noun.

Collective Noun

• A collective noun designates a group of individuals or items.

Antecedents

• An antecedent is a word that a pronoun refers to and can appear in the same or a nearby sentence.

Personal Pronouns Breakdown

• Personal pronouns are categorized into first person (I, we), second person (you), and third person (he, she, it, they).

Pronoun Characteristics

• Pronouns differ by gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case (nominative, genitive).

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

• Reflexive pronouns are necessary and refer back to the subject, while intensive pronouns emphasize its antecedent and can be removed from the sentence.

Types of Pronouns

• Demonstrative pronouns point to specific items, and interrogative pronouns begin questions.
• Relative pronouns introduce subordinate clauses.

Indefinite Pronouns

• Indefinite pronouns refer to unspecified persons or things.

Prepositions

• Prepositions show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words, often indicating location or time.
• Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition, its object, and any modifiers.

Adjectives

• Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, describing qualities or quantities.
• They answer "what kind?", "which one?", and "how many?".

Demonstrative Adjectives

• This, that, these, and those are used to modify nouns or pronouns.

Articles

• Articles act as frequently used adjectives; "a", "an", and "the" designate specificity or generality.

Usage of Articles

• "An" is used before words starting with a vowel.
• The definite article "the" refers to specific items.

Adjective Positioning

• Adjectives typically precede the noun or pronoun they modify, though exceptions exist.