Parts of Speech and Sentence Structure

Nouns: Names of people, places, things, or ideas.
- Types: Common (general items) and Proper (specific names).
Pronouns: Replace nouns to avoid repetition.
- Examples: he, she, it, they.
Verbs: Action words or states of being.
- Types: Action (run, jump) and Linking (is, seem).
Adjectives: Describe or modify nouns.
- Examples: blue, tall, interesting.
Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
- Often end in -ly (quickly, softly).
Prepositions: Show relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words.
- Examples: in, on, at, between.
Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or clauses.
- Types: Coordinating (and, but, or) and Subordinating (because, although).
Interjections: Express emotions or sudden bursts of feelings.
- Examples: wow, ouch, hey.

Simple Sentence: Contains a subject and a verb; expresses a complete thought.
- Example: The dog barks.
Compound Sentence: Combines two independent clauses with a conjunction.
- Example: I wanted to go; however, it was raining.
Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
- Example: Although it was raining, I went for a walk.
Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
- Example: While I enjoy reading, I also like movies, and my friend prefers music.

Present Tense: Describes actions happening now.
- Simple: I walk.
- Continuous: I am walking.
- Perfect: I have walked.
Past Tense: Describes actions that have already happened.
- Simple: I walked.
- Continuous: I was walking.
- Perfect: I had walked.
Future Tense: Describes actions that will happen.
- Simple: I will walk.
- Continuous: I will be walking.
- Perfect: I will have walked.

Subjects and verbs must agree in number (singular/plural).
- Singular: The cat runs.
- Plural: The cats run.

Run-on Sentences: Two or more independent clauses joined incorrectly.
Fragments: Incomplete sentences lacking a main clause.
Misplaced Modifiers: Descriptive phrases that are incorrectly placed, causing confusion.

Active Voice: Subject performs the action.
- Example: The chef cooked the meal.
Passive Voice: Subject receives the action.
- Example: The meal was cooked by the chef.

Nouns: Identify people, places, things, or ideas; categorized into Common (general items) and Proper (specific names).
Pronouns: Substitute for nouns to enhance readability; examples include he, she, it, and they.
Verbs: Represent actions or states of being; divided into Action verbs (e.g., run, jump) and Linking verbs (e.g., is, seem).
Adjectives: Qualify or modify nouns by providing additional information; examples include blue, tall, and interesting.
Adverbs: Describe how, when, where, or to what extent actions occur, often ending in -ly (e.g., quickly, softly).
Prepositions: Indicate relationships between nouns/pronouns and other words; common examples are in, on, at, and between.
Conjunctions: Join words, phrases, or clauses; split into Coordinating (e.g., and, but, or) and Subordinating (e.g., because, although).
Interjections: Convey strong emotions or sudden feelings; examples include wow, ouch, and hey.

Simple Sentence: Contains a single subject and verb, conveying a complete idea; example: The dog barks.
Compound Sentence: Combines two independent clauses using a conjunction; example: I wanted to go; however, it was raining.
Complex Sentence: Features one independent clause and at least one dependent clause; example: Although it was raining, I went for a walk.
Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause; example: While I enjoy reading, I also like movies, and my friend prefers music.

Present Tense: Explores current actions; has three forms: Simple (I walk), Continuous (I am walking), Perfect (I have walked).
Past Tense: Details actions that occurred earlier; includes Simple (I walked), Continuous (I was walking), Perfect (I had walked).
Future Tense: Discusses actions that will take place; includes Simple (I will walk), Continuous (I will be walking), Perfect (I will have walked).

A fundamental grammar rule ensuring that subjects and verbs correspond in number (singular or plural); examples: Singular – The cat runs, Plural – The cats run.

Periods (.): Signal the end of a declarative statement.
Commas (,): Used for separating items in lists, clauses, or adjectives for clarity.
Question Marks (?): Denote the end of a direct inquiry.
Exclamation Points (!): Indicate strong emotions or emphasis.
Quotation Marks (" "): Encase direct speech or quotations for attribution.
Apostrophes ('): Show possession or form contractions for brevity.

Run-on Sentences: Occur when two or more independent clauses are incorrectly fused together.
Fragments: Represent incomplete thoughts lacking necessary main clauses.
Misplaced Modifiers: Arise when descriptive phrases are poorly positioned, leading to ambiguity.

Active Voice: The subject executes the action; example: The chef cooked the meal.
Passive Voice: The subject is acted upon; example: The meal was cooked by the chef.

Clarity: Prioritize clear and direct language.
Conciseness: Avoid superfluous wording; aim for brevity and impact.
Variety: Implement diverse sentence types and structures to maintain reader engagement.