Parts of a Neuron Quiz

Study Notes

Neuron Structure

Key components of a neuron include: axon, myelin sheath, button terminals, Nodes of Ranvier, dendrites, nucleus, and cell body (soma).

Soma

Also known as the cell body, it serves as the metabolic center of the neuron.
Contains the nucleus which houses genetic material.
Houses neurotransmitter-synthesizing mechanisms and energy-producing structures.

Dendrites

Act as the input units of neurons; branch-like extensions.
Responsible for receiving information from other neurons.

Axon

Functions as the output unit, extending from the cell body to target cells.
Transmits information to other cells, with lengths varying from a few centimeters to 1 meter.

Axon Hillock

A small bump located between the axon and cell body where the axon originates.

Oligodendrocytes

Specialized cells that myelinate axons in the central nervous system, providing insulation for better signal transmission.

Schwann Cells

Myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system, enhancing nerve signal speed and efficiency.

Pre-synaptic Terminals

Fingerlike projections at the axon’s end responsible for transmitting information.
Belong to the neuron sending the signal, signaling in one direction.

Post-synaptic Terminal

Located on dendrites, cell bodies, or axons; receives signals from pre-synaptic terminals.

Synaptic Cleft

The gap between pre-synaptic and post-synaptic terminals where neurotransmitter release and reception occur.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical compounds that carry information about neuronal activity across synapses.

Direction of Information Transfer

Information transfer occurs exclusively from the pre-synaptic terminal to the post-synaptic terminal.

Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in the myelin sheath that are not insulated, crucial for the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.

Description

Test your knowledge on the various components of a neuron, including the axon, myelin sheath, and dendrites. This quiz covers key terms and their functions within the nervous system. Perfect for students learning about biology or neuroscience.