Parts of a Cell Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

  • Controls what gets in and out of the cell (correct)
  • Synthesizes proteins
  • Stores waste products
  • Produces energy for the cell

The cell membrane is analogous to what?

A door

What is the main function of mitochondria?

  • Controls gene expression
  • Makes energy for the cell (correct)
  • Synthesizes proteins
  • Stores nutrients

The mitochondria can be compared to what?

<p>A battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleus?

<p>Control gene expression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus is analogous to what?

<p>A remote controller</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell wall?

<p>Provides structural support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell wall can be compared to what?

<p>A storm shelter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vacuoles?

<p>To store things (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vacuoles are analogous to what?

<p>A storage facility</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of chloroplasts?

<p>Absorbing sunlight to produce food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts can be compared to what?

<p>A farmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does cytoplasm serve?

<p>Fills the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cytoplasm is analogous to what?

<p>A gusher's filling</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Acts as a storage organelle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is analogous to what?

<p>A smooth road</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Synthesizes and secretes serum proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is analogous to what?

<p>An assembly line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Golgi apparatus is analogous to what?

<p>A post office</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes?

<p>To kill and digest bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lysosomes can be compared to what?

<p>Algae eaters</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleolus?

<p>Round body inside the nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nucleolus is analogous to what?

<p>An onion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A double layer of lipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell; produces ATP.

Nucleus

Regulates gene expression and DNA replication.

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Nucleus Presence

Eukaryotic cells have one, prokaryotic cells don't.

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Cell Wall

Provides structural support and protection in plant cells.

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Cellulose

Composes the plant cell wall.

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Vacuole

Stores nutrients, waste, and other materials.

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Chloroplasts

Converts sunlight into chemical energy.

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Chlorophyll

Captures light energy for photosynthesis.

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Cytoplasm

Semi-fluid medium filling the cell.

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Smooth ER

Synthesizes lipids and steroids.

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Rough ER

Synthesizes and secretes proteins.

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Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.

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Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymes to break down waste.

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Nucleolus

Site of ribosome production inside the nucleus.

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Lysosome Function

Breaks down bacteria and cellular debris.

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Cell Wall Function

Maintains cell shape and provides rigidity.

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Vacuole Function

Stores water, nutrients, and waste products.

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Chlorophyll Function

Essential for photosynthesis.

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Cytoplasm Function

Transports materials within the cell.

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Smooth ER Function

Involved in lipid and steroid synthesis.

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Rough ER Function

Protein synthesis and secretion.

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Golgi Apparatus Function

Processes and packages proteins for secretion.

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Study Notes

Cell Membrane

  • Controls the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell.
  • Composed of a phospholipid bilayer featuring hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads.
  • Present in both plant and animal cells.

Mitochondria

  • Functions as the powerhouse of the cell, converting food into usable energy (ATP).
  • Varies in quantity depending on cell type; muscle cells can contain thousands.
  • Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells.

Nucleus

  • Acts as the control center, regulating gene expression and DNA replication.
  • Defined as a signature feature of eukaryotic cells, absent in prokaryotic cells.
  • Surrounded by a protective membrane, prominently housed within plant and animal cells.

Cell Wall

  • Provides structural support and protection; only present in plant cells.
  • Composed of cellulose, contributing to cell shape and durability.
  • Functions like a protective barrier similar to a storm shelter.

Vacuoles

  • Serves as storage for nutrients, waste, and other materials.
  • Primarily found in plant cells, also sequestering food and waste.
  • Protects the cell from contamination by isolating waste products.

Chloroplasts

  • Converts sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
  • Contains chlorophyll, necessary for capturing light energy.
  • Exclusively found in plant cells.

Cytoplasm

  • The semi-fluid medium that fills the cell, facilitating the movement of materials.
  • Contains dissolved molecules including enzymes, fatty acids, sugars, and amino acids.
  • Found in both plant and animal cells, aids in cellular function and waste management.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Functions as a storage organelle important for lipid and steroid synthesis.
  • Smooth in appearance compared to Rough ER due to lack of ribosomes.
  • Present in both plant and animal cells, with higher concentrations in cells that release oils.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Synthesizes and secretes proteins via ribosomes attached to its surface.
  • Rough appearance is due to the presence of ribosomes, often associated with the nuclear envelope.
  • Located in both plant and animal cells.

Golgi Apparatus

  • Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion.
  • Functions like a post office, packaging macromolecules for transport.
  • Composed of stacks of membranes and found in both plant and animal cells.

Lysosomes

  • Contains digestive enzymes to break down waste, bacteria, and cellular debris.
  • Plays a role in cellular cleanup and recycling.
  • Typically found in animal cells, functioning similarly to algae eaters in aquariums.

Nucleolus

  • A round structure within the nucleus, involved in ribosome production.
  • Can have multiple nucleoli within a nucleus, but human cells typically contain one.
  • Found exclusively in eukaryotic animal cells.

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