Particle Theory and States of Matter Review Notes

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What are the characteristics of solid particles according to the particle theory?

Particles remain in fixed position and vibrate. Particles have a little strong energy. Particles have a fixed shape and volume.

Describe the movement and attraction of gas particles based on the text.

Gas particles move in straight lines randomly and as far as possible. Particles have lots of weak energy.

What are the changes of state when transitioning from liquid to gas?

Liquid Gas = Evaporation

According to the particle theory, what happens to matter when it is heated?

When matter is heated, it expands; when cooled, it contracts. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key characteristics of particles of a pure substance as per the particle theory?

Particles are always moving, there are spaces between particles, particles of a pure substance are identical, and particles are attracted to one another. Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter has no definite shape but a definite volume?

Liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which state of matter has no definite volume or shape?

Gas Signup and view all the answers

Compare the movement of particles in a gas to that of particles in a solid.

In a gas, particles move independently and are far apart, while in a solid, particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place. Signup and view all the answers

Define what kinetic energy means and how it applies to particles of a solid, liquid, and gas.

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. In a solid, particles have low kinetic energy and vibrate in place. In a liquid, particles have more kinetic energy and can move past each other. In a gas, particles have the highest kinetic energy and move independently at high speeds. Signup and view all the answers

Name the process when a gas turns into a liquid. When this happens, do molecules slow down or speed up?

The process is called condensation. When a gas turns into a liquid, the molecules slow down. Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast evaporation and boiling. Describe particle movement, spacing, and energy.

Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid, is a slower process, and requires less energy. Boiling occurs throughout the liquid, is faster, and requires more energy. Signup and view all the answers

Name the process when a solid turns into a liquid. When this happens, does heat energy increase or decrease?

The process is called melting. Heat energy increases. Signup and view all the answers

In which state of matter do particles move independently?

Gas Signup and view all the answers

Define what kinetic energy means and how it applies to particles of a solid, liquid, and gas.

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. In a solid, particles vibrate in place; in a liquid, particles move past each other; in a gas, particles move freely and rapidly. Signup and view all the answers

Name the process of a liquid becoming a gas. When this happens, do molecules move closer together or farther apart?

The process is called evaporation. Molecules move farther apart. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the movement and attraction of solid particles according to the particle theory.

Particles remain in fixed position and vibrate. Particles have little strong energy attraction. Signup and view all the answers

What are the changes of state when transitioning from gas to solid according to the text?

Deposition Signup and view all the answers

According to the particle theory, what are the key characteristics of particles of a pure substance?

Particles of a pure substance are identical and are attracted to one another. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the movement and attraction of liquid particles based on the text.

Particles slide and glide, though they do not move far. Particles have a medium attraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the particle theory of matter and what are its main principles?

The particle theory of matter states that all matter is made up of tiny particles, which are always moving, have spaces between them, and are attracted to one another. Signup and view all the answers

Solid Particle Movement

Solid particles vibrate in fixed positions.

Solid Particle Energy

Solid particles have little strong energy attraction.