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Questions and Answers
In the context of particle theory, which statement best describes the behavior of particles when temperature increases?
In the context of particle theory, which statement best describes the behavior of particles when temperature increases?
- Particles slow down and move closer together.
- Particles move faster and further apart. (correct)
- Particles maintain the same speed and distance.
- Particles stop moving.
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between mass, volume, and density?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between mass, volume, and density?
- Density is the volume divided by mass.
- Density is independent of mass and volume.
- Density is the product of mass and volume.
- Density is the mass divided by volume. (correct)
If a substance has a density of $5 g/cm^3$ and a volume of $10 cm^3$, what is its mass?
If a substance has a density of $5 g/cm^3$ and a volume of $10 cm^3$, what is its mass?
- 50 g (correct)
- 2 g
- 0.5 g
- 15 g
How does the mass of an object typically change when it is moved from Earth to the Moon?
How does the mass of an object typically change when it is moved from Earth to the Moon?
What is the weight of an object with a mass of 20 kg on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is $4 m/s^2$?
What is the weight of an object with a mass of 20 kg on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is $4 m/s^2$?
A graduated cylinder contains 50 mL of water. After a rock is submerged, the water level rises to 65 mL. What is the volume of the rock?
A graduated cylinder contains 50 mL of water. After a rock is submerged, the water level rises to 65 mL. What is the volume of the rock?
What is the primary reason a boat can float, according to the principles of buoyancy?
What is the primary reason a boat can float, according to the principles of buoyancy?
Which of the following best describes buoyancy?
Which of the following best describes buoyancy?
Why are gases more compressible than liquids?
Why are gases more compressible than liquids?
What happens to the volume of a gas during compression?
What happens to the volume of a gas during compression?
In a hydraulic system, what is the role of the fluid?
In a hydraulic system, what is the role of the fluid?
Which of the following is a key component of both pneumatic and hydraulic systems?
Which of the following is a key component of both pneumatic and hydraulic systems?
What principle does Pascal's Law describe regarding fluid systems?
What principle does Pascal's Law describe regarding fluid systems?
What properties are important in fluids used in hydraulic system?
What properties are important in fluids used in hydraulic system?
Consider a $5 cm^3$ metal cube with a mass of 50 grams. Will it sink or float in water (density 1 $g/cm^3$)?
Consider a $5 cm^3$ metal cube with a mass of 50 grams. Will it sink or float in water (density 1 $g/cm^3$)?
How does the shape of a boat contribute to its ability to float?
How does the shape of a boat contribute to its ability to float?
If the temperature of a gas in a closed container is increased, what happens to the motion of the gas particles?
If the temperature of a gas in a closed container is increased, what happens to the motion of the gas particles?
A gas occupies a volume of 10 liters at a certain pressure. If the pressure is doubled while keeping the temperature constant, what will happen to the volume of the gas?
A gas occupies a volume of 10 liters at a certain pressure. If the pressure is doubled while keeping the temperature constant, what will happen to the volume of the gas?
In a hydraulic lift, a small force is applied to a small piston. How is it possible for the lift to raise a much heavier object on a larger piston?
In a hydraulic lift, a small force is applied to a small piston. How is it possible for the lift to raise a much heavier object on a larger piston?
What type of system uses compressed air to transmit force?
What type of system uses compressed air to transmit force?
Flashcards
Particle Theory
Particle Theory
Matter is made of particles in constant motion with gaps between them; temperature affects particle speed, and pure substances have uniform particles.
Density
Density
Mass per unit volume; indicates how tightly packed the particles are in a substance.
Mass
Mass
The quantity of matter in an object, measured in grams (g). It remains constant regardless of location.
Mass Formula
Mass Formula
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Weight
Weight
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Volume
Volume
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Buoyancy
Buoyancy
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Compression
Compression
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Pneumatic System
Pneumatic System
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Hydraulic System
Hydraulic System
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Pascal's Law
Pascal's Law
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Study Notes
- Matters are made of particles
- Particle Theory describes why matters behave the way they do
Particle Motion
- Particles are always in motion, even in solids where they vibrate
- Particles have gaps and do not touch
- Particles move faster when temperature rises
- All particles in a pure substance are the same
- Different substances are made of various particles
Density
- Density refers to the amount of mass in an object per volume
- The higher the particle density in an object, the greater the overall density
- Density is calculated by dividing mass by volume: D = M/V
- A cube with a volume of 20 cm^3 and a mass of 40 kg has a density of 2 kg/cm^3 (D = 40 kg / 20 cm^3)
Mass
- Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, measured in grams (g)
- Mass remains constant regardless of the environment
- Mass is calculated by multiplying density by volume: M = D x V
- If Arshan has a density of 0.3kg/cm^3 and a volume of 300 cm^3, then his mass is 90kg: M = 0.3kg/cm^3 x 300 cm^3
Weight
- Weight is the acceleration due to gravity acting on an object
- Weight is measured in Newtons (N)
- Mass remains constant, but weight changes based on gravitational acceleration in different locations
- Weight is calculated by multiplying mass by gravity: W = M x G
- If Arshan has a mass of 60 kg and the acceleration of gravity on Uranus is 8.87m/s^2, then his weight is 532.2 N: W = 60 kg x 8.87 m/s^2
Volume
- Volume refers to the amount of space an object occupies (m^3 or L)
- Volume calculation depends on the object's shape
- To find the volume of an irregular shape:
- Fill a graduated cylinder with water and record the initial volume
- Submerge the object completely and record the new volume
- The difference between the two volumes is the object's volume
- If a cylinder with an initial water volume of 35L has its volume reduced to 33.1L after submerging a Rubik's cube the volume of the Rubik's cube is 1.9L: V = 35L - 33.1L
Buoyancy
- Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an object
- If an object's density is greater than the fluid, it sinks (negatively buoyant)
- An object floats (positively buoyant) if its density is lower than the fluid
- Buoyant Force is equivalent to the Weight of Displaced Fluid
- Boats float due to their shape, displacing water to increase buoyant force and having hollow areas to decrease density
Compression
- Compression occurs when the volume of a gas decreases due to applied pressure
- Gases compress more easily than liquids because they are less dense
Pneumatic Systems
- Systems use compressed air to transmit force, such as in air brakes
Hydraulic Systems
- Systems use liquids to transmit force, such as in car brakes
- Liquids are nearly incompressible, making these systems effective
- Components of hydraulic systems include pumps, cylinders, and valves
Pascal's Law
- Pascal’s Law states that pressure applied to one side of a fluid system is distributed equally throughout the fluid
- This law applies to both hydraulic and pneumatic systems
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