Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key principle that distinguishes Participatory Action Research (PAR) from traditional research methods?
What is a key principle that distinguishes Participatory Action Research (PAR) from traditional research methods?
- Statistical analysis of data
- Focus on passive observation
- Individual researcher expertise
- Emphasis on social change (correct)
What does the spiral of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting in PAR help achieve?
What does the spiral of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting in PAR help achieve?
- Static understandings of practices
- Continuous improvement in social practices (correct)
- A linear approach to research
- Reduction of community involvement
How is participation defined within the scope of Participatory Action Research?
How is participation defined within the scope of Participatory Action Research?
- Circumstantial engagement without commitment
- Involvement of all stakeholders affected by practices (correct)
- Involvement of only academic researchers
- Exclusive participation by the lead researcher
What role does self-critique play in communities involved in PAR?
What role does self-critique play in communities involved in PAR?
What is a potential outcome of effective collaboration in Participatory Action Research?
What is a potential outcome of effective collaboration in Participatory Action Research?
What process does Participatory Action Research advocate for modifying social practices?
What process does Participatory Action Research advocate for modifying social practices?
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of Participatory Action Research?
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of Participatory Action Research?
What is a necessary element for successful improvements in social practices according to PAR?
What is a necessary element for successful improvements in social practices according to PAR?
What is the primary goal of participatory action research (PAR)?
What is the primary goal of participatory action research (PAR)?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four moments of participatory action research?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four moments of participatory action research?
In the reflection moment of PAR, participants primarily engage in which activity?
In the reflection moment of PAR, participants primarily engage in which activity?
What distinguishes the action moment of participatory action research from other forms of research?
What distinguishes the action moment of participatory action research from other forms of research?
How is planning characterized in participatory action research?
How is planning characterized in participatory action research?
During the observation moment, what is the primary focus of the participating researchers?
During the observation moment, what is the primary focus of the participating researchers?
Which statement best describes participatory action research?
Which statement best describes participatory action research?
Which of the following tools might be utilized during the observation moment of PAR?
Which of the following tools might be utilized during the observation moment of PAR?
What programming languages and technologies are employed for the software development environment to ensure portability?
What programming languages and technologies are employed for the software development environment to ensure portability?
Which of the following features is essential for the system to accommodate the varying customary laws of Indigenous communities?
Which of the following features is essential for the system to accommodate the varying customary laws of Indigenous communities?
What characteristic must knowledge management systems possess to keep pace with evolving Indigenous knowledge?
What characteristic must knowledge management systems possess to keep pace with evolving Indigenous knowledge?
What is a potential challenge when performing searches within large collections in Indigenous Knowledge Centers (IKCs)?
What is a potential challenge when performing searches within large collections in Indigenous Knowledge Centers (IKCs)?
Which feature allows the software to easily adapt to new technology, such as voice recognition interfaces?
Which feature allows the software to easily adapt to new technology, such as voice recognition interfaces?
Which digital audio format is suggested for saving recordings?
Which digital audio format is suggested for saving recordings?
What is one of the challenges faced by custodial organizations regarding Indigenous objects?
What is one of the challenges faced by custodial organizations regarding Indigenous objects?
What technology is NOT mentioned as supportive of virtual repatriation efforts?
What technology is NOT mentioned as supportive of virtual repatriation efforts?
What might communities prefer after reviewing digital records of cultural objects?
What might communities prefer after reviewing digital records of cultural objects?
Why might it be easier to implement digital repatriation programs today?
Why might it be easier to implement digital repatriation programs today?
What is a possible disadvantage of recording in a controlled environment like a studio?
What is a possible disadvantage of recording in a controlled environment like a studio?
Which digital media option is NOT listed for storing content?
Which digital media option is NOT listed for storing content?
Which outcome might communities accept instead of physical repatriation of artifacts?
Which outcome might communities accept instead of physical repatriation of artifacts?
What is the initial focus of participatory action research?
What is the initial focus of participatory action research?
How can participants articulate their shared concerns in participatory action research?
How can participants articulate their shared concerns in participatory action research?
What cycle does participatory action research utilize for progress?
What cycle does participatory action research utilize for progress?
What is a requirement for participants in participatory action research?
What is a requirement for participants in participatory action research?
What does participatory action research emphasize in relation to participants' expertise?
What does participatory action research emphasize in relation to participants' expertise?
What is a key aspect of participant justification in participatory action research?
What is a key aspect of participant justification in participatory action research?
How does participatory action research affect the community of researchers involved?
How does participatory action research affect the community of researchers involved?
What is encouraged through participatory action research regarding decision-making processes?
What is encouraged through participatory action research regarding decision-making processes?
Study Notes
Participatory Action Research
- Participatory action research (PAR) is a research method emphasizing positive social change.
- PAR grew from social and educational research, embracing participation, reflection, empowerment, and emancipation for groups seeking social improvement.
- PAR is defined as "collective, self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order improve the rationality and justice of their own social...practices" (Kemmis and McTaggart 1988: 5).
- The four moments of PAR include:
- Reflection: Examining and reconstructing concerns, including pre-emptive discussion of shared issues.
- Planning: Constructive discussion among participants leading to critically examined action and evaluation of change.
- Action: Implementing the Plan, aiming for real-world improvement of the social situation.
- Observation: Observing the effects of change, utilizing research tools for scientific method adherence and meaningful results.
- Observation and Action often occur simultaneously.
- The Principles of PAR differentiate it from traditional research methods and other Action Research types:
- Participation: Active involvement of those affected by the research.
- Collaboration: Working together to improve the social situation.
- Empowerment: Enabling groups to take control over their own lives and circumstances.
- Knowledge: Generating and sharing knowledge to promote understanding and change.
- Social Change: Aiming to improve social conditions and address issues of inequality.
16 Tenets of Participatory Action Research
- Tenet 1: Emphasizes improving social practice by changing it and learning from the consequences.
- Tenet 2: Involves a continuous spiral of planning, acting, observing, reflecting, and re-planning, with two possible starting points:
- Starting with data collection and reflection, then planning for action.
- Starting with an exploratory change, then collecting data, reflecting, and refining plans.
- Tenet 3: Collaboration is key, involving those affected by the changes.
- Tenet 4: Building self-critical communities committed to understanding the relationship between action, circumstance, and consequence, and to freeing themselves from constraints limiting their power.
- Tenet 5: Engaging in political action by:
- Involving others in the research process and exploring their practices.
- Working towards more rational understanding, just decision-making, and fulfilling work for all.
- Tenet 12: Starting with small improvements, gradually moving towards more extensive change, including critiques of institutions and potential reforms.
- Tenet 13: Using small cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting to refine issues, ideas, and assumptions, leading to more powerful questions.
- Tenet 14: Initial participation with small groups, gradually widening the community to include more affected individuals.
- Tenet 15: Building records to document improvements:
- Records of changing activities and practices.
- Records of changes in language and discourse.
- Records of changes in social relationships and organization.
- Records of developing expertise in conducting action research.
- Tenet 16: Providing reasoned justification for social work, demonstrating how gathered evidence and critical reflection support their efforts.
The Role of ICTs in Indigenous Knowledge Capture
- Many issues remain regarding digital capture and preservation of Indigenous Knowledge (IK).
- File format choices (WAV or MP3 for audio, video formats for archiving).
- Storage considerations (hard drives, DAT, CD, DVD, FlashRAM).
- Advantages and disadvantages of controlled recording environments (studio vs. field vs. live performance).
- Content editing after recording.
Virtual Repatriation
- Museums, archives, and cultural institutions hold significant objects of Indigenous cultural importance.
- Challenges exist around ownership, seeking direction from traditional owners about the future of those objects, and repatriation, storage, or exhibition as requested.
- Colonization has dispersed Indigenous communities, making this process difficult.
- Emerging technologies like 2D and 3D scanners, interactive software, high-speed networks, and grid technologies facilitate digital and physical repatriation.
Local Knowledge Bases
- Local Knowledge Bases (IKB) need to be:
- Portable: Run on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Macintosh).
- Flexible: Account for varying customary laws and intellectual property needs among Indigenous communities.
- Adaptable: Respond to changing Indigenous knowledge and knowledge management technology.
- Scalable: Efficiently manage large collections of resources.
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Description
This quiz explores the essentials of Participatory Action Research (PAR), a method focused on creating positive social change through collective inquiry. Dive into the four key moments of PAR: Reflection, Planning, Action, and Observation. Understand how these components contribute to social improvement and empowerment.