Participatory Action Research Overview
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What is a key principle that distinguishes Participatory Action Research (PAR) from traditional research methods?

  • Statistical analysis of data
  • Focus on passive observation
  • Individual researcher expertise
  • Emphasis on social change (correct)

    • What does the spiral of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting in PAR help achieve?

  • Static understandings of practices
  • Continuous improvement in social practices (correct)
  • A linear approach to research
  • Reduction of community involvement

    • How is participation defined within the scope of Participatory Action Research?

  • Circumstantial engagement without commitment
  • Involvement of all stakeholders affected by practices (correct)
  • Involvement of only academic researchers
  • Exclusive participation by the lead researcher

    • What role does self-critique play in communities involved in PAR?

    <p>Enhancing collaboration and community understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of effective collaboration in Participatory Action Research?

    <p>Greater community empowerment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does Participatory Action Research advocate for modifying social practices?

    <p>Spiraling cycles of action and reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a tenet of Participatory Action Research?

    <p>Static roles for researchers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary element for successful improvements in social practices according to PAR?

    <p>Authentic stakeholder engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of participatory action research (PAR)?

    <p>To generate positive social change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the four moments of participatory action research?

    <p>Implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reflection moment of PAR, participants primarily engage in which activity?

    <p>Evaluating the outcomes of past actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the action moment of participatory action research from other forms of research?

    <p>The action is deliberate and occurs in reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is planning characterized in participatory action research?

    <p>It involves a collaborative and critical examination process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the observation moment, what is the primary focus of the participating researchers?

    <p>Monitoring the effects of the actions taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes participatory action research?

    <p>It emphasizes participant empowerment and reflection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools might be utilized during the observation moment of PAR?

    <p>Surveys and questionnaires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What programming languages and technologies are employed for the software development environment to ensure portability?

    <p>Java, XML, and SMIL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is essential for the system to accommodate the varying customary laws of Indigenous communities?

    <p>Flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic must knowledge management systems possess to keep pace with evolving Indigenous knowledge?

    <p>Adaptability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential challenge when performing searches within large collections in Indigenous Knowledge Centers (IKCs)?

    <p>Attribute-based rights management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature allows the software to easily adapt to new technology, such as voice recognition interfaces?

    <p>Customizability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digital audio format is suggested for saving recordings?

    <p>WAV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the challenges faced by custodial organizations regarding Indigenous objects?

    <p>Determining ownership of the objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology is NOT mentioned as supportive of virtual repatriation efforts?

    <p>Social media platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might communities prefer after reviewing digital records of cultural objects?

    <p>To request physical repatriation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might it be easier to implement digital repatriation programs today?

    <p>High-quality scanning and communication technologies are available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible disadvantage of recording in a controlled environment like a studio?

    <p>Lack of authenticity in the content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digital media option is NOT listed for storing content?

    <p>Magnetic tapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which outcome might communities accept instead of physical repatriation of artifacts?

    <p>Digital surrogates and partial access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial focus of participatory action research?

    <p>Minor changes manageable by individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can participants articulate their shared concerns in participatory action research?

    <p>By documenting authentic agreements within the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cycle does participatory action research utilize for progress?

    <p>Planning, observing, acting, and reflecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for participants in participatory action research?

    <p>To document improvements and changes in practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does participatory action research emphasize in relation to participants' expertise?

    <p>The development of skills in action research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of participant justification in participatory action research?

    <p>Demonstrating a critically examined rationale for their actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does participatory action research affect the community of researchers involved?

    <p>It gradually includes a wider community of participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is encouraged through participatory action research regarding decision-making processes?

    <p>More just processes that involve wider input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Participatory Action Research

    • Participatory action research (PAR) is a research method emphasizing positive social change.
    • PAR grew from social and educational research, embracing participation, reflection, empowerment, and emancipation for groups seeking social improvement.
    • PAR is defined as "collective, self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order improve the rationality and justice of their own social...practices" (Kemmis and McTaggart 1988: 5).
    • The four moments of PAR include:
      • Reflection: Examining and reconstructing concerns, including pre-emptive discussion of shared issues.
      • Planning: Constructive discussion among participants leading to critically examined action and evaluation of change.
      • Action: Implementing the Plan, aiming for real-world improvement of the social situation.
      • Observation: Observing the effects of change, utilizing research tools for scientific method adherence and meaningful results.
      • Observation and Action often occur simultaneously.
    • The Principles of PAR differentiate it from traditional research methods and other Action Research types:
      • Participation: Active involvement of those affected by the research.
      • Collaboration: Working together to improve the social situation.
      • Empowerment: Enabling groups to take control over their own lives and circumstances.
      • Knowledge: Generating and sharing knowledge to promote understanding and change.
      • Social Change: Aiming to improve social conditions and address issues of inequality.

    16 Tenets of Participatory Action Research

    • Tenet 1: Emphasizes improving social practice by changing it and learning from the consequences.
    • Tenet 2: Involves a continuous spiral of planning, acting, observing, reflecting, and re-planning, with two possible starting points:
      • Starting with data collection and reflection, then planning for action.
      • Starting with an exploratory change, then collecting data, reflecting, and refining plans.
    • Tenet 3: Collaboration is key, involving those affected by the changes.
    • Tenet 4: Building self-critical communities committed to understanding the relationship between action, circumstance, and consequence, and to freeing themselves from constraints limiting their power.
    • Tenet 5: Engaging in political action by:
      • Involving others in the research process and exploring their practices.
      • Working towards more rational understanding, just decision-making, and fulfilling work for all.
    • Tenet 12: Starting with small improvements, gradually moving towards more extensive change, including critiques of institutions and potential reforms.
    • Tenet 13: Using small cycles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting to refine issues, ideas, and assumptions, leading to more powerful questions.
    • Tenet 14: Initial participation with small groups, gradually widening the community to include more affected individuals.
    • Tenet 15: Building records to document improvements:
      • Records of changing activities and practices.
      • Records of changes in language and discourse.
      • Records of changes in social relationships and organization.
      • Records of developing expertise in conducting action research.
    • Tenet 16: Providing reasoned justification for social work, demonstrating how gathered evidence and critical reflection support their efforts.

    The Role of ICTs in Indigenous Knowledge Capture

    • Many issues remain regarding digital capture and preservation of Indigenous Knowledge (IK).
      • File format choices (WAV or MP3 for audio, video formats for archiving).
      • Storage considerations (hard drives, DAT, CD, DVD, FlashRAM).
      • Advantages and disadvantages of controlled recording environments (studio vs. field vs. live performance).
      • Content editing after recording.

    Virtual Repatriation

    • Museums, archives, and cultural institutions hold significant objects of Indigenous cultural importance.
    • Challenges exist around ownership, seeking direction from traditional owners about the future of those objects, and repatriation, storage, or exhibition as requested.
    • Colonization has dispersed Indigenous communities, making this process difficult.
    • Emerging technologies like 2D and 3D scanners, interactive software, high-speed networks, and grid technologies facilitate digital and physical repatriation.

    Local Knowledge Bases

    • Local Knowledge Bases (IKB) need to be:
      • Portable: Run on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Macintosh).
      • Flexible: Account for varying customary laws and intellectual property needs among Indigenous communities.
      • Adaptable: Respond to changing Indigenous knowledge and knowledge management technology.
      • Scalable: Efficiently manage large collections of resources.

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    Related Documents

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    Description

    This quiz explores the essentials of Participatory Action Research (PAR), a method focused on creating positive social change through collective inquiry. Dive into the four key moments of PAR: Reflection, Planning, Action, and Observation. Understand how these components contribute to social improvement and empowerment.

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