Skeletal System Part 2
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Questions and Answers

How many vertebral bones are in the vertebral column?

  • 30
  • 26 (correct)
  • 28
  • 24
  • Which region of the vertebral column contains 12 vertebrae?

  • Sacral
  • Cervical
  • Lumbar
  • Thoracic (correct)
  • What forms the sacrum in the vertebral column?

  • The fusion of 5 vertebrae (correct)
  • The fusion of 5 lumbar vertebrae
  • The fusion of 5 cervical vertebrae
  • The fusion of 5 thoracic vertebrae
  • What type of spinal curvature is present from birth?

    <p>Primary curvature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of curvature forms in adults due to the development after birth?

    <p>S-shaped curvature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common feature of vertebrae?

    <p>Transverse ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is referred to as the 'centrum' in vertebrae?

    <p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cervical vertebrae are located in the neck region?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the fibula play in the formation of the knee joint?

    <p>It has no role in forming the knee joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the lateral malleolus at the ankle?

    <p>Fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many tarsal bones are present in the human foot?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two largest tarsal bones in the foot?

    <p>Calcaneus and talus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint classification includes immovable joints?

    <p>Synarthroses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of joint is characterized by slight movement?

    <p>Amphiarthroses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of joints in the human body?

    <p>To hold bones together securely and allow for mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones form the toes in the human foot?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the articulating bones in synovial joints?

    <p>Joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of synovial joints?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bursae in synovial joints?

    <p>Cushion and reduce friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of cartilaginous joints?

    <p>Articulating bones united by cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synovial joint allows for the most movement?

    <p>Ball and socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tendon sheath?

    <p>Wrap around a tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibrous joint allows for slight movement?

    <p>Syndesmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes freely movable joints?

    <p>Diarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is found where the teeth meet the facial bones?

    <p>Gomphoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes fibrocartilage joints from other types of joints?

    <p>They contain many collagen fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which joint type are bones united by fibrous tissue?

    <p>Fibrous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following joints allows slight movement and is found in the pubic region?

    <p>Symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is involved in synchrondrosis joints?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is characterized by a greater degree of movement than sutures but still remains largely immobile?

    <p>Syndesmoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synovial membrane is found lining joint cavities?

    <p>Areolar connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is specifically located at the epiphyseal plates of growing long bones?

    <p>Synchrondrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synovial joint allows for circular movement around a single axis?

    <p>Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synovial joint type is characterized by surfaces that are flat or slightly curved?

    <p>Plane joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fontanels in a fetal skull?

    <p>To allow brain growth and skull compression during birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do fontanels typically ossify in a child?

    <p>2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint provides the most range of motion and allows movement in many directions?

    <p>Ball-and-socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the first bone models formed in a fetus made of?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the fibrous membranes in the fetal skull?

    <p>To allow for flexibility and growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synovial joint is primarily responsible for enabling flexion and extension movement?

    <p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vertebral Column (Spine)

    • Provides axial support from the skull to the pelvis.
    • Comprises 26 vertebral bones, separated by intervertebral discs.
    • Divided into regions:
      • 7 cervical vertebrae (neck)
      • 12 thoracic vertebrae (chest)
      • 5 lumbar vertebrae (lower back)
    • Features two fused structures: sacrum (5 vertebrae) and coccyx (3–5 vertebrae).

    Spinal Curvatures

    • Primary curvatures (thoracic and sacral) present at birth, forming a C-shaped curve in newborns.
    • Secondary curvatures (cervical and lumbar) develop postnatally, resulting in an S-shaped spine in adults.

    Common Features of Vertebrae

    • Bone structure includes:
      • Body (centrum)
      • Vertebral arch composed of pedicle and lamina
      • Vertebral foramen (spinal canal)
      • Transverse processes
      • Spinous process
      • Superior and inferior articular processes

    Lower Limb Bones

    • Fibula:
      • Thin, lateral to tibia, does not contribute to the knee joint.
      • Distal end forms lateral malleolus (outer ankle).
    • Foot Structure:
      • Tarsals (7 bones) including calcaneus (heel) and talus.
      • Metatarsals (5 bones) form the foot’s sole.
      • Phalanges (14 bones) constitute the toes.

    Arches of the Foot

    • Three strong arches in foot structure:
      • Two longitudinal arches
      • One transverse arch

    Joints Overview

    • Joints are the articulations where two or more bones meet.
    • Functions include stabilizing bones and enabling mobility.
    • Classified by:
      • Function: Synarthroses (immovable), Amphiarthroses (slightly movable), Diarthroses (freely movable).
      • Structure: Fibrous (generally immovable), Cartilaginous (immovable or slightly movable), Synovial (freely movable).

    Types of Joints

    • Fibrous Joints: Bones joined by fibrous tissue; include sutures (immobile), syndesmoses (slightly mobile), and gomphoses (immobile).
    • Cartilaginous Joints: Bones connected by cartilage; consist of synchondrosis (immobile) and symphysis (slightly movable).
    • Synovial Joints: Characterized by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, containing:
      • Articular cartilage
      • Articular capsule
      • Joint cavity
      • Reinforcing ligaments
      • Examples include plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints.

    Development of the Skeleton

    • Initially, long bones in fetuses are formed from hyaline cartilage.
    • Flat bones of the fetal skull originate from fibrous membranes.
    • As fetal development progresses, all bone models eventually ossify.
    • Fetal Skull:
      • Features fontanels (fibrous membranes) that connect cranial bones, allowing skull flexibility during birth and enabling brain growth, typically ossifying by age 2.

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    Description

    Explore the structure and function of the vertebral column in this quiz. Understand the different types of vertebrae, their locations, and significance in providing axial support. Test your knowledge on the cervical, thoracic, lumbar regions, sacrum, and coccyx.

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